Simple Math Vocabulary for ESL EFL Classes

Its important to know the right math vocabulary when speaking about mathematics in class. This page provides math vocabulary for basic calculations. Basic Math Vocabulary - plus Example: 2 2Two plus two - - minus Example: 6 - 4Six minus four x OR * - times Example: 5 x 3 OR 5 * 3Five times three - equals Example: 2 2 4Two plus two equals four. - is less than Example: 7 10Seven is less than ten. - is greater than Example: 12 8Twelve is greater than eight. ≠¤ - is less than or equal to Example: 4 1 ≠¤ 6Four plus one is less than or equal to six. ≠¥ - is more than or equal to Example: 5 7 ≠¥ 10Five plus seven is equal to or greater than ten. ≠  - is not equal to Example: 12 ≠  15Twelve is not equal to fifteen. / OR à · - divided by Example: 4 / 2 OR 4 à · 2Four divided by two. 1/2 - one half Example: 1 1/2One and one half. 1/3 - one third Example: 3 1/3Three and one third. 1/4 - one quarter Example: 2 1/4Two and one quarter 5/9, 2/3, 5/6 - five ninths, two thirds, five-sixths Example: 4 2/3Four and two thirds % - percent Example: 98%Ninety-eight percent.

Twelfth Night By William Shakespeare - 1937 Words

Twelfth Night channelizes the spirit of festivity and celebration associated with the ‘Feast of Epiphany’, which in Elizabethan England was marked as the finale of Christmas jubilations. In it’s own way mirroring the society and it’s indulgence in feasting, drinking and the carnal pleasures which in their own right undermined the teachings of the church. It is hard to overlook the emphasis laid on indulgence and the excess of it. Characteristically a Shakespearean comedy the plot is driven by the desires of the characters and the fulfilment of those desires. But unlike other comedies (for instance, As You like It) not all characters in Twelfth night are allowed to actualise their desires. These desires guide the characters to determine the course of the play. In order to understand the meta-narrative of the play we will deconstruct the text into themes of sexuality, gender norms and social hierarchy/ class power-play. Analysing the ways in which the author adheres to or subverts the societal norms with respect to the various the themes they lie within. The core essay will emphasise on three points - (i) scrutinising the superficial emancipation of the female characters from the patriarchal gender norms perpetuated in the society; (ii) establishing how the societyShow MoreRelatedTwelfth Night by William Shakespeare1279 Words   |  5 Pages Within the play ‘Twelfth Night’ it can be argued that the audience may be entertained by the outlook of Malvolio’s gulling. To start with his name means â€Å"ill will† within Italian which already suggests his attitude towards the other characters thus showing his place within the play as an â€Å"unpopular†character. He is a part of a religious order who sought to regulate forms of worship. In modern time the word â€Å"puritan† is often used to mean Against pleasure . Historically, the word was has been usedRead MoreTwelfth Night by William Shakespeare1019 Words   |  5 Pagesconsidered elements of a comedy. Shakespeare wrote a comedy called Twelfth Night because that’s the Christmas Celebration when pranks and deceptions were allowed when people were off work. However the last day 6th January was when all the decorations came down, which brought a tinge bit of sadness to the Elizabethans. William Shakespeare employs the dramatic conventions of mistaken identity and disguise to establish humour in an example of Act 2 Scene 2 of Twelfth Night. Viola realises Olivia is inRead MoreTwelfth Night by William Shakespeare1164 Words   |  5 PagesIn the comedy Twelfth Night written by William Shakespeare many of the characters experience emotional pain. The pain that a character name Olivia experiences is the death of her brother, causing her to mourn. Malvolio who is Olivias steward is involved with emotional pain caused by humiliation, which occurs more than once in this play. Lastly, a great deal of characters battle with the feeling of unrequited love. Even though Shakespeare wrote this as a comedy, there was still a mass amount of emotionalRead MoreTwelfth Night by William Shakespeare2088 Words   |  8 PagesTwelfth Night, or, What You Will by William Shakespeare is a comedy that was written for the Christmas season. Twelfth Night presents many different topics through out the play like: crossdressing, homosexuality, unknown same sex desires, and undertones of talk about genitals. Although some are more noticeable than others, they are all present. I will be focusing mainly on the homosexuality of some of the characters and what the difference between that and just having a ‘male friendship.’ I will alsoRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night2005 Words   |  9 Pagesrole that gender plays in Shakespeare’s work. Focus on Twelfth Night or King Lear—or discuss both plays together. Do you see these patterns repeated? Or do you see them being challenged and somehow undermined (implicitly or explicitly) in the plots and language of the play s)?† wants to know if Shakespeare wanted to break the pattern of women being passive objects to men in the literature. In the story Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare all of the roles are played by men. In the fifteenth centuryRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Twelfth Nig ht Essay1515 Words   |  7 Pageselements in plays and films. Slowly with the knowledge gained, we transitioned into examining the adaptations of the world famous playwright, William Shakespeare. For this assignment, we were to choose a modern Shakespeare adaption and compare its successes and failures to its traditional script. With the choices given, I decided to choose the Twelfth Night to its modern adaption directed by Andy Fickman called, â€Å"She’s the Man.† I was pleasantly surprised when I saw it as an option, therefore I feltRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1967 Words   |  8 Pages William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Twelfth Night† or â€Å"What You Will† was written around 1601-1602 with the primary performance being in February 1602. It is known to be a high point of Shakespearian comedy as it is one of Shakespeare’s finest works. Twelfth night was written to commemorate the close of the Christmas season being possi bly one of the first ever holiday specials, kind of like the Middle Ages version of â€Å"Love Actually†. The play centres on the twins Viola and Sebastian, who are separated duringRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night can easily be interpreted as a romance play. Given that the majority of the characters in the play in some way or another fall in love, but there are many twists that come with these romantic relationships. Some of the characters fall in love with the same character, others fall in love with a character that loves another, who actually loves another causing a chaotic love triangle. Within every romance a character is tragically hurt, turning the romance play intoRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1762 Words   |  8 PagesShakespeare wrote the romantic comedy play, Twelfth Night, in the year 1601. Despite being over 400 years old, people have been studying and performin g the play continuously. Even though some may argue American audience now cannot understand the significance of social hierarchy in the play nor the lines written in Shakespearean English, Twelfth Night remains popular today as shown by New York Times’ publishing of seven reviews on different performances of Twelfth Night. At the same time, ShakespeareRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night Essay2147 Words   |  9 Pagesaffection for another person,† love takes on many forms throughout life and literature (Merriam-Webster). Through its passionate drama and witty repartee, Twelfth Night, by William Shakespeare, explores the intricate, and often complicated, realm of interpersonal love. By tracing the intertwining storylines of four unique characters, Shakespeare communicates the futility of self-love, the desperation of hopeless love, and the immeasurable virtue of selfless love. An after-effect of human’s sinful

Outline and Evaluate Research Into the Effects of Day Care on Social Development Free Essays

Belsky and Rovine (1988) conducted a study in order to assess attachment using the strange situation technique. They observed infants who had been receiving 20 hours or more of day care per week before the age of 1. Their findings suggested that, in comparison to children at home, these children were more often insecurely attached. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline and Evaluate Research Into the Effects of Day Care on Social Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now With insecure attachments being associated with poorer social relationships this may be considered a negative effect of day care. The NICHD started a longitudinal study in 1991 to study many aspects of child development. Similarly the NICHD study found that children who were in day care for more than 30 hours a week were 3 times more likely to show behaviour problems when they went to school. By comparing the two studies we can see that the amount of time spent in day care plays an important role in whether or not children showed negative effects. However Violata and Russell’s meta-analysis showed that when time spent in day care exceeds 20 hours a week negative effects become apparent however the NICHD study found this time to be 30 hours therefore the results are contradictory and inconsistent. The EPPE study was a large scale, longitudinal study of the progress and development of 3,000 children in various types of pre-school education across the UK. The results of the EPPE study found that high levels of day care, particularly nursery care in the first 2 years, may elevate the risk of developing anti-social behaviour. To some degree the EPPE study supports the findings of Belsky and Rovine’s study as both found that the age of the child when placed in day care contributed to whether or not it was perceived to have negative implications. However the two studies can only be looked at comparatively to a certain extent as Belsky and Rovine’s study assessed infants under the age of 1 whereas the EPPE study assessed children up to the age of 7. Clarke-Steward et al studied 150 children and found that those who were in day care were consistently more advanced in their social development than children who stayed home with mothers, enabling them to better deal with peer relationships. Likewise, the EPPE study found increased independence and sociability in the children who attended day care. Field (1991) found that the amount of time spent in full-time day care was positively correlated to the number of friends children has once they went to school. However, although these findings suggest that full-time day care had positive effects on the child, the results clash with studies conducted by Belsky and Rovine. This may be due to individual differences of the children assessed in both studies, for example shy children may have appeared insecure when assessed using the strange situation technique by Belsky and Rovine. Moreover the positive correlation shown in Field’s study cannot accurately be used as grounds to state that full-time day care causes children to be more popular as correlation is not causation. How to cite Outline and Evaluate Research Into the Effects of Day Care on Social Development, Essays

Three Workable School Improvement Plans

Question: Evaluates three workable school improvement plans. Address the following in your paper: Include the consequences of reforms noted in the plans. Include the benefits of reforms noted in the plans. Defend the one that you think would work best at your school. Answer: School Improvement Plan: A school improvement plan means a type of road map that gives a basic idea that a school needs to make in order to give a better result to the student educational development. This sort of plan not only helps the students but also the teachers and principal as well. This improvement plan also lays down where and when such plan is required to be implicated. This type of plans help in monitoring the development of student achievements and other necessary factors like school environment which are also quite influential in development of student mind and capibilities. This type of school improvement plans has quite a few advantages like it helps to keep a up-to-dated knowledge about the development of the student and also this in turn helps the school to understand the needs of the students, teachers and parents. It is also influential in the accountability of performance of a particular school as results of the students gives knowledge about the school to the people at large. School Imp rovement Plan is a sort of mechanism. At the very first in order to create a school improvement plan ,the student councils, teachers, principals and other community members concerned with it starts seeking information about a particular school and then after analyzing the information gathered, they set out a degree changes required to be done to that particular school for the development of the student. While making these changes as set out in the plan, the comparison keeps going on between the original condition that was prevailing and the present changes that are being done. The basic changes that are required to be considered are curriculum delivery, school environment, parental involvement etc. First School Improvement Plan: The very first example that was set out applying the newly initiated school improvement plan was New Yorks Johnson City Central School District. They found a new way out for communicating the newly found rules without nullifying or conflicting the existing rules termed as ODDM. They believed that it not enough to have effective teaching system but a teaching system congruent with district objectives. There basic motives which they wanted to bring in for the development of the students .This particular school introduced ODDM (outcome driven development models). For example, in a school where ODDM is not present, suppose there are some major issues regarding the homework patterns given to the student. Parents complained about it and every teacher and a different or no reason for it. So, in order to make the teacher-parents communication smooth and effective, if a set of central rules are laid down then every teacher and every parents will be bound to follow it. Using the ODDM model it was analysed that homework will be more effective if the homework is related to the study which the student have already studied. This would help in Student Development. The basic missions of ODDM are mainly research base including pshycological base, transformational base, administrative support etc. Second School Improvement Plan: Halton District School Board sets out another example of School Improvement Plan. The two main purposes lay down by the school for improvement plan is to seek more capability in the skills and knowledge of the educators and also to improve student learning, achievement and well beings. The basic works of the Improvement Development board is to analyse both quantitative and qualitative data for specific development of the student and also to determine the policies and evidences that will help in this development of the student capacities and abilities. The Board should also allocate resources including professional learning. The basic benefits that the students will draw out of this School Improvement Plan are they will achieve high levels of academic knowledges, develop their skills and become a good example of good citizen. The benefit of the educators will be that they would learn continuously and would turn out to be the best educators of the world. Third School Improvement Plan: Toronto Catholic District School Board sets out another remarkable example of workable school improvement plan. The basic mission of every School Improvement Board is developing grace and knowledge in student and in turn helping them to live a life with dignity and faith. The initial and the basic cause for developing this boards are to ensure that the learning process for the students become richer with passing days and that they learn as well as the educators develop their in built skills since birth and continue till adulthood. The recent plan set out by the Toronto Catholic District School Board includes increasing student engagement, nurturing the catholic community, improving student learning and reducing the learning opportunity gap. Consequences Of Reform Noted In The Plans The initial improvement plan was initiated by New Yorks Johnson City Central School District named ODDM. Consequences would have been vast if this plan wasnt initiated during that time. Schools were facing different issues like homework related issues or school administration issues. After introducing ODDM quite a few issues were solved. The introduction of ODDM helped in administering the schools in a systematic matter. It could provide a logical way for learning of the students. Even the most desired thing when it comes to running a school is the parents-teachers communication so that both the teachers as well as the parents understand the basic needs of the children ad can take an initiative to work in the manner desired. The consequence of this Improvement plan programme was that the teachers, the principals all became more aware of the environment and status of education in the society, and opted to give best education to their child in all manner possible. Schools started working hard to develop the skill of the educators so that they proper education can be provided to the students. If this initiative was taken then most of the schools as well as the parents of the student would be still stuck in old patterns of teaching and as result neither the school will have any development nor the teachers nor the students. It is to early to understand the effects of this plan but the implementation of this improvement plans were having quite a few consequences among schools, nearby communities and individuals. The basic side- effect was that since individuals were being introduced to new plans and ideas about the educational system, their in-built concepts were getting hampered and as such a lot of queries and confusions were being cropping into their mind. This resulted into personal conflicts within oneself. It also started having issues in the social system because the previous educational system and the present changes opting to be brought in were conflicting with each other. It wasnt being easy for people or students or educators even to accept the changes so smoothly. Halton District School Board while implementing the Improvement plan faced quite a few issues. The implementation of the school Improvement plan faced certain consequences which made it difficult for them to manage the administration of school. While implementing the improvement plan, issues were raised regarding the proper advisory board. The parents felt that there was no proper evaluation of the datas and facts collected about the needs of the educational system. They felt that there was some defaults on the part of the advisory board to analyse the facts collected and investigated. As such the basic side-effect was that the students faced quite a few difficulties .Sudden changes in the educational system without proper information being applied made it difficult for them to adopt. Again due to improper and inadequate communication, the parents at the initial begin faced little problem in understanding the new methods that were being implemented. There were some positive effects as well for the new introduced Improvement Plan. The Principals, The educators, The students and the parents as well being able to get introduced to thoughts and scopes of education which they didnt have any idea about. Students and educators got a new bloom to the educational system. They werent anymore part of the patent old pattern educational system . They had something new to learn for themselves and for the community at large. As observed, Toronto Catholic District School Board had a mixed result of this newly introduced Improvement Plan. There were few good consequences and few adverse ones. The basic good consequences were a benefit for both the school authorities as well as the students. Students being introduced to the new system, accepted the changes in a very well mannered. The new system initiated a lot of interest in the students mind. Students who initial avoided school, started going to school regularly for they found a new interest in their boring educational system. Now the teaching method seem to be more interesting for them. Teachers even showed more interest in teaching method now. New interesting ways were being introduced newly and as such even the educators were getting to learn new applications while teaching the students. One more benefit that the school was getting after introducing the new Improvement Plan for the school development was that the school name was getting a lot of recognition in the society. Due to the newly introduced ways a lot of parents were being more interested in educating their children from this particular school. As a result the school reputation was getting higher and even the school was getting more approachable by the people at large. This was benefiting the school administration at large to run the school with good reputation and facilities. Few adverse effects were also being noticed while this changes were taking place. People in the society who have accepted and are well acquinted with the old patterns of education found it difficult for themselves to adopt to the new system. They felt that the new introduced method would confuse the students more than giving them ease in this system. Even they felt that the educators would now work less to gather knowledge for the purpose of teaching the students. There capibilities and teaching qualities would be degrading in nature instead of any development. Benefits Of Reform In The Plan: New York Johnson School City District: This school was the first one to introduce the School Improvement Plan. It worked hard on this plan at the base and as a consequence it had quite a few benefying results in hand. Johnson School City District became a highly effective school on introducing this Improvement Plan. Now their vision became more clear and focused and far-sighted. The environment of the school became safer and manageable. It also became eco-friendly for student to spent their time. This in turn helped them to be more nature cautious and also to grow up to be a better human being . Parents becoming aware of the new introduced system, now started expecting high rate of success from the students. Their expectation towards the school authority also increased with there growing needs. They now expected a better administration from the school authority in managing their children and a better developed educational system that would be benefiting their childs growth both physiological and pshycological. The benefit that the school drew by introducing this new improvement system was that the reputation and recoginition of the school increased with eventually in the city. People became more aware about this particular school due to their newly introduced methods that attracted the parents at large to give their students a better education. In this manner the school gained a lot of popularity and such it became benefiting for them to run this education business with proper administration and management . Halton District School Board: Another reputed school that introduced or worked for the improvement of school and educational system was Halton District School Board. The management of the school as well the parents of the student were benefited in a lot of manner. Enhancing their communication management among the teachers and the parents now helped both the classes to know better about the needs of the children studying . Teachers on communicating with the parents could get aware about the developed or lacking skills of a particular student, and hence could take initiative to work on that particular student according to the need. Parents on the other hand were now being introduced to the new developed system which not only helped them to give their children a better education but it also gave them a better opportunity to upgrade themselves with the changing pattern. They could also develop themselves. The most advantageous part of this plan was that now students were being monitored more frequently and as such the faculty of educators as well as the head authority of the school was getting to know better about the students need. Accordingly they could work on their plan for development. The school being more aware about the students need their focus shifted to high level of students achievement thereby focusing on the activities relating to learning . The students were the ones who were benefited the most. System of education were being channelized according to their needs and requirement. As a result students became more friendly with the atmosphere and their interest towards the school increased. They were becoming more comfortable with studies. Introduction of curriculum activities help the students not only to enhance their educational knowledge but also skills in other activities . Toronto Catholic District School Board: Since Toronto Catholic District School Board was a catholic school one of the improvements that they opted for was centrally development of Catholic churches and their beliefs and faiths in the work and the goals of school in the Catholic system . The basic explanation to this central development of catholic beliefs and faiths are that this schools based on catholic system would work more on their catholic churches and their parishes so to reflect that the development opting by them reflects their motives . Another positive result that could be reflected from the introduction of this Improvement plan is that a strong relation grew between the home and school. Frequent meeting between the parents and the teachers helped both sides to understand the system being used . Also another thing that needs to be mentioned is that the educational system overall was benefited. Introduction in one school drew focus of other schools to introduce and work on the same Improvement Plan analyzing their basic facts and requirements . Overall this particular new motivation used in the educational system helped the society to grow at large making people aware more about education, its need and developments required or already being made. It helped parents, educators and the students to enhance their knowledge and skills and also to groom themselves to be a better citizen to live in . Plan To Work Best At My School: After researching, studying and analyzing the various school improvement plans that have been working out in different zones of the world, Im of the opinion that the initiative taken so many years back was a futuristic one and its still being utilized in different parts of world today . The educational system have been vastly benefited . Students of todays day are more advanced in knowledge . If Im given a choice of adopting any of the above mentioned improvement plans ,I would like my school to adopt the Improvement Plan structured by the New Yorks Johnson City Central School District. In my opinion the first thing that needed to be improved in my school would be the management of the administrative department . Administration is something that forms the base of running any institution . So it is very necessary to manage the administrative department with proper care . Another thing that needs to be taken care of in our school is the homework managening plan that was adopted by the Johnson City Central School District. Parents need to get accustomed and have a knowledge about the homework given to their children and why. Only if they understand the need of homework for students, there involvement in the studies of their children would be more for they would have to guide their children at home and at the same time more interaction will take place between the teachers and the parents . Meetings should be arranged frequently between teachers and parents, so that teachers get to know that where their respective students are lacking and where do they need to concentrate, and parents would get to understand the process of how their children are being educated, their performance scale and how they should be guided at home. Interaction between parents and teachers are very important for this the only way out through which both the sides get knowledge about the current knowledge status of their child . Another thing that needs to be taken care of is the proper management of the administrative department. Administrative department is the main system in running a school . Hence it is very important to manage the administrative department with proper knowledge and under perfect guidance. Principal the head of the school should be appointed to someone who has ample knowledge about how to run a school and should have been worked earlier somewhere as a teacher . This is one of the improvement plans Johnson City Central School District took in hand so as to manage the school students, educators and the parents in a systematic manner so that none of the ends have any sort of complain against the education system they have taken up. This plan should be initiated in my school as well . Lastly, the thing that needs to be taken up for my school, is the way how New York Johnson Central School District is the introduction of necessary subjects that would be profitable for the students in later years . The basic requirement of benefiting subjects and curriculum activities will grow more interest in students towards education. Engaging students in curriculum activities will expand their capibilities of doing more activities together else than studies. Even the skill capacity of students will be explored at a huge scale . These are the basic changes required to be brought in accordance to the plans above cited. Reference Bernhardt, V. (2013).School Portfolio Toolkit: A Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation Guide for Continuous School Improvement. Routledge. Bird, J. J., Dunaway, D. M., Hancock, D. R., Wang, C. (2013). The Superintendent's Leadership Role in School Improvement: Relationships Between Authenticity and Best Practices.Leadership and Policy in Schools,12(1), 77-99. Dimmock, C. (2013).School-based management and school effectiveness. Routledge. Duke, D. L. (2013). Are We Pushing for Greatness? School Improvement Is about More Than Closing Achievement Gaps. Schools Also Must Balance Equity and Excellence.Phi Delta Kappan,94(5), 45. Dunaway, D. M., Bird, J. J., Wang, C., Hancock, D. (2014). Superintendents perceptions of the school improvement planning process in the southeastern USA.Educational Management Administration Leadership,42(4), 460-473. Forsyth, P. B., Adams, C. M., Hoy, W. K. (2011).Collective Trust: Why Schools Can't Improve without It. Teachers College Press. 1234 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027. Harris, J., Davidson, L., Hayes, B., Humphreys, K., LaMarca, P., Berliner, B., ... Van Houten, L. (2014). Speak Out, Listen Up! Tools for Using Student Perspectives and Local Data for School Improvement. REL 2014-035.Regional Educational Laboratory West. Hartnell-Young, E. A., Marshall, R., Hassell, R. (2014). Implementing a generic school improvement framework: experience of the National School Improvement Tool in Australian settings. Harvey, D. (2011). School Improvement Team. Mangan, M. T., Hillman, K., Madl, T., Rossi, C., Wings, S. (2014). Illinois School Improvement Grants: Strategies and Conditions for Improving Student Outcomes. Osses, A., Bellei, C., Valenzuela, J. P. (2015). External technical support for school improvement: critical issues from the Chilean experience.Journal of Educational Administration and History,47(3), 272-293. Rogers, L. (2014). Schoolwide/School Improvement Plan. Seifert, D., Hartnell-Young, E. (2015). An Effective School Improvement Framework: Using the National School Improvement Tool. Taylor, D. L., Tashakkori, A., Crone-Koshel, L. (2014). A Model of Planning for School Improvement and Obstacles to Implementation.Jsl Vol 11-N6,11, 493. Van Der Voort, G., Wood, L. (2014). Assisting School Management Teams to construct their school improvement plans: an action learning approach.South African Journal of Education,34(3), 01-07. Yang, H. R., Shin, H. W., Kim, J. Y., Ryu, H. G., Kim, T. H. (2012). Improvement Plan for School Facility Management-Focusing on Public Educational Buildings in Gyeonggido.The journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research,11(1), 32-41. Yatsko, S., Lake, R., Bowen, M., Cooley Nelson, E. (2015). Federal School Improvement Grants (SIGs): How Capacity and Local Conditions Matter.Peabody Journal of Education,90(1), 27-52. Zepeda, S. J. (2013).Instructional leadership for school improvement. Routledge. Duke, D. L. (2013). Are We Pushing for Greatness? School Improvement Is about More Than Closing Achievement Gaps. Schools Also Must Balance Equity and Excellence.Phi Delta Kappan,94(5), 45. Harris, J., Davidson, L., Hayes, B., Humphreys, K., LaMarca, P., Berliner, B., ... Van Houten, L. (2014). Speak Out, Listen Up! Tools for Using Student Perspectives and Local Data for School Improvement. REL 2014-035.Regional Educational Laboratory West. Osses, A., Bellei, C., Valenzuela, J. P. (2015). External technical support for school improvement: critical issues from the Chilean experience.Journal of Educational Administration and History,47(3), 272-293. Van Der Voort, G., Wood, L. (2014). Assisting School Management Teams to construct their school improvement plans: an action learning approach.South African Journal of Education,34(3), 01-07. Rogers, L. (2014). Schoolwide/School Improvement Plan. (Myocyte enhanced factor 2C (MEF2C), 2014) (Weishaar, 2015) Yatsko, S., Lake, R., Bowen, M., Cooley Nelson, E. (2015). Federal School Improvement Grants (SIGs): How Capacity and Local Conditions Matter.Peabody Journal of Education,90(1), 27-52. Hartnell-Young, E. A., Marshall, R., Hassell, R. (2014). Implementing a generic school improvement framework: experience of the National School Improvement Tool in Australian settings. Yang, H. R., Shin, H. W., Kim, J. Y., Ryu, H. G., Kim, T. H. (2012). Improvement Plan for School Facility Management-Focusing on Public Educational Buildings in Gyeonggido.The journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research,11(1), 32-41. Dunaway, D. M., Bird, J. J., Wang, C., Hancock, D. (2014). Superintendents perceptions of the school improvement planning process in the southeastern USA.Educational Management Administration Leadership,42(4), 460-473. Seifert, D., Hartnell-Young, E. (2015). An Effective School Improvement Framework: Using the National School Improvement Tool. Forsyth, P. B., Adams, C. M., Hoy, W. K. (2011).Collective Trust: Why Schools Can't Improve without It. Teachers College Press. 1234 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027. Zepeda, S. J. (2013).Instructional leadership for school improvement. Routledge. Harvey, D. (2011). School Improvement Team. Bird, J. J., Dunaway, D. M., Hancock, D. R., Wang, C. (2013). The Superintendent's Leadership Role in School Improvement: Relationships Between Authenticity and Best Practices.Leadership and Policy in Schools,12(1), 77-99. (Editorial Board, 2015) Dimmock, C. (2013).School-based management and school effectiveness. Routledge. (Guivarch and Hallegatte, n.d.) Mangan, M. T., Hillman, K., Madl, T., Rossi, C., Wings, S. (2014). Illinois School Improvement Grants: Strategies and Conditions for Improving Student Outcomes. Bernhardt, V. (2013).School Portfolio Toolkit: A Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation Guide for Continuous School Improvement. Routledge. Taylor, D. L., Tashakkori, A., Crone-Koshel, L. (2014). A Model of Planning for School Improvement and Obstacles to Implementation.Jsl Vol 11-N6,11, 493. (Guivarch and Hallegatte, 2013). (Editorial Board, 2015)

Supporting Learning and Leadership with Technology

The History and Invention of Water Skiing

The History and Invention of Water Skiing In June 1922, 18-year-old adventurer Ralph Samuelson of Minnesota proposed that if you could ski on snow, then you could ski on water. Ralph first attempted water skiing on Lake Pepin in Lake City, Minnesota, towed by his brother Ben. The brothers experimented for several days until July 2, 1922, when Ralph discovered that leaning backward with ski tips up leads to successful water skiing. Unwittingly, Samuelson had invented a new sport. The First Water Skis For his first skis, Ralph tried  snow skis on Lake Pepin, but he sank. Then he tried barrel staves, but he sank again.  Samuelson realized that with the speed of the boat - a top speed of less than 20 mph - he needed to fashion some type of ski that would cover more water surface area.  He bought two 8-foot-long, 9-inch-wide planks, softened one end of each  and shaped them by curving the ends up, held with vice grips to keep the ends up and in place. Then, according to Vault magazine, he fastened a leather strap in the middle of each ski to hold his feet in place, bought 100 feet of sash cord to use as a tow rope and had a blacksmith make him an iron ring, 4 inches in diameter, to serve as a handle, which he insulated with tape. Success on  the Water After several failed attempts at getting up and out of the water,  Samuelson finally discovered the successful method was to lean backward in the water with ski tips pointing upward. After that, he spent over 15 years performing ski shows and teaching people in the United States how to ski. In 1925 Samuelson  became the worlds first water ski jumper, skiing over a partly submerged diving platform that had been greased with lard. Water Ski Patents   In 1925, Fred Waller of Huntington, New York, patented the first water skis, called Dolphin AkwaSkees,  made out of kiln-dried mahogany - Waller had first skied on Long Island Sound in 1924. Ralph Samuelson never patented any of his water skiing equipment. For years,  Waller had been credited as  the inventor of the sport. But, according to Vault,  clippings in Samuelsons scrapbook and on file with the Minnesota Historical Society were beyond dispute, and in February 1966 the AWSA officially recognized him [Samuelson] as the father of waterskiing. Water Ski Firsts With the invention now a popular sport, the first ski shows were held at the Century of Progress in Chicago and the Atlantic City Steel Pier in 1932. In 1939 the American Water Ski Association (AWSA) was organized by Dan B. Hains, and the first National Water Ski Championships were held on Long Island in the same year. In 1940 Jack Andresen invented the first trick ski - a shorter, finless water ski. The first World Water Ski Championship was held in France in 1949. The National Water Ski Championships were broadcast on national television for the first time at Callaway Gardens, Georgia, in 1962, and the MasterCraft ski boat company  was founded in 1968.  In 1972 water skiing was an exhibition sport at the Olympic Games in Keil, Germany, and in 1997, the  U.S. Olympic Committee recognized  water skiing as a Pan American Sports Organization and AWSA as the official national governing body.

Research project proposal on climate change Essay

Research project proposal on climate change - Essay Example The effects on human and on earth will be also included. What causes this change will also be include in the research. A methodology will be presented to further support the studies done on this research. The focus of this research would be the cause and effect of climate change in human and in earth. This research proposal will introduce the tool to be use which is the Climate Analysis Indicator Tool. The features as well as the data and the spreadsheet included in this tool are discuss briefly below. What causes climate change Climate change are caused by the increasing human activities significantly the concentrations of some gases in the atmosphere such as greenhouse gases (GHG) mainly CO2 and anthropogenic aerosols. The GHG usually causes the earth to warm the surfaces and the anthropogenic aerosols tend to cool it. Several studies have been done to solve the problem about the greenhouse gases emission which is the main cause of climate change. Based on the Ecological Society of America (1997), the earth's atmosphere is a natural greenhouse that keeps the average global temperature around 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and other trace gases in our atmosphere trap the sun's heat as it is radiated from the Earth back into space. Does Greenhouse Gas (GHG) really cause climate change Several studies have been done but there is no distinct work correlating GHG as the main cause of climate change. As an example a study done in Cyprus by cypernv.org Cyprus has a hotter, drier climate than it had a century ago. Even if the situation is not proven to be cause by man it is still serious since it may means changes in our nature. There is no such proof that the climate change is caused by human. Although, there are some studies linking human as a cause of climate change. How do climate change affects us in the near future Diseases such as malaria and dengue two vector borne infections are caused by climate change. Currently 40 - 50 % of the world population has been suffering from infectious diseases because of the climate change. Based on the present ranges, these and many other infectious diseases would tend to increase in incidence and seasonality-although regional decreases would occur in some infectious diseases. Climate change varies, every country has its own study regarding climate change and the result would be different depending on their location. For example, most Asian countries only have 2 climate (the wet and dry), their study would focus only on that 2 season. Middle East country has only 1 season and the focus of the study would be on that climate only. What will be the effects of climate change on hydrology and water resources The effects on hydrology and water resources depend on the location. The effect of climate change on streamflow and groundwater recharge varies regionally and between climate scenarios, largely following projected changes in precipitation A consistent projection across most climate change scenarios is for increases in annual mean streamflow in high latitudes and southeast Asia, and decreases in central Asia, the area around the Mediterranean, southern Africa, and Australia the amount of change, however, varies between scenarios(Climate change and Global Wa rming, 2007). The relevance of this study would help the people

Communication skill -roseberg Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Communication skill -roseberg - Essay Example The use of words alone has no meaning because it the people who supply their meaning to constituent words. Language develops from the act of working together or doing things together in a socialization circle, which leads to coining meaning to words. In every form of communication that we get involved in, we need to have nonviolent communication where we use our words in a polite manner so as not to hurt our listeners or cause pain to them. If there is the use of hard language or vocabulary, then communication breakdown is experienced (Rosenberg 2003). In any form of communication, the interlocutor needs to choose words effectively because one does not need to hurt the listener in any way. It is important to avoid impolite language that may trigger bad feelings because this leads to communication breakdowns. In communication, one assumes that his or her language and content is understood by the other party by ensuring our needs are felt by the other party in the conversation (Rosenberg 2003). Part of the problem when many people communicate is that they only take their own needs into con sideration and do not think of how their message is received by the other person. This can be a hard thing to judge because every person is different when it comes to communication. However, there are some principles that must be used in every instance of communication. The most obvious one is to respect to person who is listening to you and consider how they would interpret your message. Just because you have a certain way of thinking does not mean that the other person will think the same. Nonviolent communication can be used to help both parties of the conversation to feel as though they are being treated equally be one another. One of the first keys to successful nonviolent communication is to observe the body language of the other person. The way that they react to certain things may not always be obvious, so it is important to pay attention for

Genre analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Genre analysis - Essay Example At the same time it has made my reflexes so much better, I can feel the difference for myself. Earlier, I was really slow and my reflexes were extremely slow but thanks to the game, I have become much faster now. My hand-eye coordination has also improved tremendously. In addition to this playing online has helped me a lot, I have made so many friends and I constantly play against them to see how good I really am. We also meet outside and spend time together. I became excessively involved and that was when I asked myself some really important questions? Questions like what is the future on gaming and how can I benefit from it? I am investing so much time into it what will I get out of it? These were some extremely important questions that I asked myself and it was very important for me to ask myself these questions and I am delighted I asked these questions just at the right time. â€Å"To narrow my analysis I stumbled upon the Virgin Gaming website.† (Virgin Gaming) The Virgin Gaming website has been developed by the Virgin group and it provides an ideal platform for gamers to grow and develop. I also came across twitch TV website. The Twitch TV website allows gamers to stream gaming videos and attract audience. That was when I started believing that one can make a career out of gaming and I started working towards it. There are so many gamers who have made a career out of gaming and this is certainly possible. So many of them have already been immensely successful. Twitch TV is similar to Youtube and they pay content producers for involving more and more people, this is very similar to Youtube partner program. The audience can contribute greatly, they can chip in with their comments and the types of series they would want to see and the content producers can produce exactly what is required and demanded by the audience. Virgin Gaming is a different ball game altogether. It involves competitive game

Analysing marketing strategy at Morrisons

Analysing marketing strategy at Morrisons Marketing strategy is a technique of focus on business capabilities and resources toward a defined task which leads the organisation toward sale promotion and target marketing place. Marketing strategies are the combination of product advertising, distribution, pricing, relationship administration and other essentials; identifies the companys marketing objectives, and make clear how they will be accomplished, preferably inside a fixed time. Marketing strategies are concluding the target market division, positioning, marketing mix, and distribution of resources. In recent years, several conceptual frameworks have been developed to better understand the processes of strategy formulation, and for such processes, the term strategic marketing is used to describe the decisions taken to develop long-run strategies for survival and growth About Morrisons We are the UKs fourth biggest food retailer with  403 outlets. Our business is primarily food and grocery. distinctively the company resource and practice most of the fresh food that Morrisons put up for sale through their own manufacturing services, giving us close manage over provenance and quality; and the company have new people preparing extra food in store than any other retailer. Every week nine million customers pass through our doors and 124,000 colleagues across the business work hard each day to deliver great service to them. With competitive prices and hundreds of special offers, we are proud to save our customers money every day. Definition of Strategic Marketing Marketing Strategy is a procedure that can permit an association to give attention to its restricted assets on the greatest opportunity to increase sales and achieve a sound competitive edge. (Baker Michael 2008) Principles of marketing strategies People Oriented Marketing The purpose of marketing strategies is to create the added advantage of the company. The strategies that are supported to the customer orientation is the most important one because the customer is the king of market. The Cost Of Something Is What You Give Up To Get It. Marketing strategies are planned according to the pricing of their products. Company set their pricing that are supported their products and customer are likely to buy it. Reward System Strategies Strategies are prepared to satisfy the customer and employees. Bonus Cards, loyalty cards are the rewards that organisation gives to their customers just to retain them. Competitive Advantages Marketing strategies are prepared according to the competitive advantage of the competitor. Marker Base Assets Marketing strategies are supported to the brand name, brand image, company name and then cash them to gain advantage. Vision of Morrisons food specialist for everyone Food specialist We really understand food we know where it comes from; we pack it and make it in our factories; we make it in our stores; and we employ craft skills in every store. For everyone Great food which is also: great value; and for every day, not just special days. This vision is supported by our brand values and strategic objectives. Brand value Our brand values are important to delivering our strategy and underpin all our strategic objectives. Fresh, Value and Service are discussed in the right-hand box above. SMART Analysis: SMART is an acronym which tells us that when ever we set any companies objectives they should be ,S =Specific M= Measurable A = Actionable or Achievable R = Realistic T = Time Frame Morisons strategy maintenance things trouble-free: Our vision to be the Food Specialist for Everyone is at the presentbecomes superior. Morrisons regular spotlight on freshness, great worth and wonderful service is alluring to more and more people. The company now more closer to the customers. http://www.morrisons.co.uk/Corporate/2010/AnnualReport/_assets/ims/FreshValueChart.jpg Morrisons share of UK grocery marke In 2009/10 the share of morrisons was worth of 90.2bn in the market. Morrisons market share continues to increase as we move from National to Nationwide. Morrisons market share(percentage %) 2007 2008 2009 11.9 12.1 12.3 Morrisons share of grocers UK 2010 (percentage %) http://www.morrisons.co.uk/Corporate/2010/AnnualReport/_assets/ims/graph_shareOfGrocers.gif Morrisons market share intensification was superior than the whole market growth year-on-year and as a outcome we grew market share. The crown four superstore shared accounted for around 76% of the market. (Source: Kantar Worldpanel) Porters five forces New comers Morrisons have also a fear the new entrents in the market because the company is now on growth stage. Competitors Another important issue is the competition in the industry or sector.there are a lot of competitors in the market and this is the big therat for the company. Suppliers Suppliers are also affect the companies strategies.in this industry suppliers are strong and they have a strong bargaining power. Customer The potentional customers have a planty of options to buy the product.the competitors of the morrisons like tesco and asda are market leaders and they are offering the cheap products.the power of customers is also affect the Morrison,s marketing strategy. Substitute products There are many others compnies are offering the same products which are offering the morrisons so this thing is also affecting the morrisons marketing strategy. SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis in the technique to understand the internal and external analysis of the company that tell companies strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threat of the company. STRENGTH Market share growth in 2009/10 http://www.morrisons.co.uk/Corporate/2010/AnnualReport/_assets/ims/graph_marketShareGrowth.gif acquirement of co-operative stores Opening of 34 new stores Food expert expert in food Owen supply chain Own distribution channel Morrison structure for food Owen stuffing factories In store grounding of food Quickest go around time among order and delivery Employees education programme (MBA) WEEKNESSES Lack of the customers trust Very less number of stores Less Advertisement Little bit high pricing OPPORTUNITY Home Delivery extension of small stores to cover the more customers start the new business line as Morrisons pharmacy Move into non-food retailing in the UK. Entry into new retail segments, such as drugstores, department stores, speciality units Increase the number of stores to cover the more population areas THREAT Low pricing of competitors Communication is weak High competition Open market for entering new competitors Purchasing of co-operative store are not maintain Morrisons standard Uncertainty will affect the sale and profitability of the company Competitive Analysis Competitive analysis conducted for the comparison of company to the other different companies/ competitors. It tells the company that where their products are and where the other have, they are in the good position are their competitor. Competitive analysis is tells advantages and the weaknesses of the companies over the competitors. Morrisons have strong competition with Tesco, ASDA, and Sainsbury etc. Boston Consulting Group Matrix Star High growth business or products that competing the market where they have competitive advantage/ edge as compare to the competitor. Normally heavy investments are required to exist in the market. Morrison may not fall in this part of the matrix. Cash Cows Business growth is low or product having relative market share. There is normally low business and little investment is required to retain in the market. Good leadership and strategies are required for growth. Morrisons is in this area of matrix. Question mark Business or product have low market share but exist in the high growth market. Businesses in this area are required high investment but they have potential to grow high. Management have to make some growth strategies that Morrison have done and now in the growth position of the market. Dogs Businesses or products have low market share and unattractive market. Business fall in this area may generate profit to come on breakeven point. MARKETING STRATEGY OPTITIONS Pricing strategies There are number of pricing strategies that companies used in according to their purpose that are fit and matched with objectives and goals. The strategies are: Premium Pricing Economy Pricing Penetration Pricing Psychological Pricing Skimming Pricing Captive Product Pricing Product Bundle Pricing Promotional Pricing Geographical Pricing Morrisons are used various pricing strategies from the above mentioned strategies. Economy Pricing Morrisons are using this strategy in their products that are daily use items. All most all the grocery items are under economy pricing scheme. Psychological Pricing Morrisons are also adopting this pricing technique just for psychological impact on the customers. For example 99P Promotional Pricing Morrisons are using this strategy for promotional items. Example: buy 1 get one free or two item 2 pound etc. STP Strategies STP is another type of marketing strategies that companies kept in mind while formulating its marketing strategies. STP stands for S- Segmentation T- Target P- Positioning Segmentation Demographical Geographical Psychological Behavioural Demographical Uk is a multi culturel country.according to this morrisons set its strategies.company divided its market according to thr race,gender and age etc.for example i many places where Asian people are living they are providing those products which the people like.they are giving a very carefull attention to this strategy becausr when the company fulfil the need of the people then they can attract more and more people. Geographical Company divided its area into different parts than these subareas are also divided into regions. Morrisons have divided its UK market into 4 parts that are the states then these are divided into cities and then cities are divided its sides like central, north, east, west, northwest etc.in this way it is very easy for the company to give proper attention to all sites. Distribution and channel strategies Morrisons have their own distribution channel that is use to deliver its products to the retail stores for the end use of customers. Fresh foods are taken from own forms than they distribute to the concern factory for packing and finally distribute to the retail stores effective and efficient use of the supply chain management.they have also a strong back up if some problem arises.they are paying a lot of attention to its distribution network. DIFFERENT STRATEGY OPTIONS Morrisons have a different strategy options to stay in the market because morrisons is the fourth largest retail store in the uk market.morrisons is now trying to adopting the mixture of three strategies.these are differentitation,cost leadership and focus.morrisons regularly offereing different cheap offeres to attract more and more customers.they are also offereing planty of products for a special age group people.in which they are adopting the focus strategy.morrisons are offering many services to its customer like free eye check up to attract more and more people or customers. Task 3: Implication of changes in the marketing environment for organization The change in marketing: The marketing is the big aspects for any company so the NESTLE making the marketing strategy to attract there customers by there advertisements. Because every one want to see their Childs happy and healthy and the NESTLE is doing that and they are getting the attention of the moms by their baby healthier marketing advertisements. Advertisement marketing of the NESTLE is getting the good business, Every day they want to make moms happy. The effectives areas for the organizations changes: The company cannot bring the change in without their participants and stack holders, directly effected are the big responsible for the organizations change. The employee motivation is most effective way for the organizations step to go to success and the NESTLE has a big motivation for their employees because they are a good motivator for the moms. Customers satisfaction is a need for good company if your customer happy then you will be happy and in the world of competition the NESLTE is providing that satisfaction by their healthier products. Inter departmental collaboration is the big concern of the organizations achievements because they are the all internal factors for the organization. Now we are going to discuss the companys affective areas where the marketing will be effect. The company NESTLE has the big share in the world business because the people like the milk range of this company to make their kids healthy. The company is going to meet his objectives and the customers aspects because it is fulfilling the needs of the peoples. The marketing environment is a marketing term and refers to all of the forces outside of marketing that affect marketing managements ability to build and maintain successful relationships with target customers. The market environment consists of both the macro environment and the microenvironment. These are the factors which can changes the marketing plans by these factors any organization bring the changes in there marketing environments. Micro environmental aspects: The microenvironment refers to the forces that are close to the company and affect its ability to serve its customers. It includes the company itself, its suppliers, marketing intermediaries, customer markets, competitor, and publics. The company aspect of microenvironment refers to the internal environment of the company. This includes all departments, such as management, finance, research, purchasing, operations and accounting. Each of these departments has an impact on marketing decisions. For example, research and development have input as to the features a product can perform and accounting approves the financial side of marketing plans and budgets. The company supplier: The suppliers of a company are also an important aspect of the microenvironment because even the slightest delay in receiving supplies can result in customer dissatisfaction. Marketing managers must watch supply availability and other trends dealing with suppliers to ensure that product will be delivered to customers in the time frame required in order to maintain a strong customer relationship. The people: Marketing intermediaries refers to resellers, physical distribution firms, marketing services agencies, and financial intermediaries. These are the people that help the company promote, sell, and distribute its products to final buyers. Resellers are those that hold and sell the companys product. They match the distribution to the customers and include places such as wall-mart, Target, and Best Buy. Physical distribution firms are places such as warehouses that store and transport the companys product from its origin to its destination. The customer: Another impact of micro environment is the customers. There are different types of customer markets including consumer markets, business markets, government markets, international markets, and reseller markets. The consumer market is made up of individuals who buy goods and services for their own personal use or use in their household. Business markets include those that buy goods and services for use in producing their own products to sell. This is different from the reseller market which includes businesses that purchase goods to resell as is for a profit. These are the same companies mentioned as market intermediaries. The government market consists of government agencies that buy goods to produce public services or transfer goods to others who need them. International markets include buyers in other countries and includes customers from the previous categories. The departmental people: The final aspect of the micro environment is publics, which is any group that has an interest in or impact on the organizations ability to meet its goals. For example, financial publics can hinder a companys ability to obtain funds affecting the level of credit a company has. Media publics include newspapers and magazines that can publish articles of interest regarding the company and editorials that may influence customers opinions and our mostly products are selling on the public advertisement because the people are the too much concision about their health. The macro environmental aspects: The macro environment refers to all forces that are part of the larger culture and affect the microenvironment. It includes concepts such as demography, economy, natural forces, technology, politics, and culture. An other thing in NESTLE refers to studying human populations in terms of size, density, location, age, gender, race, and occupation. This is a very important impact to study for marketers and helps to divide the population into market segment and target markets. Markets: Every market impacts have different characteristics and causes they find important. This can be beneficial to a marketer as they can decide who their product would benefit most and tailor their marketing plan to attract that segment. The market could be made by the company itself because if you are selling your product as much you want then you can drive the market by yourself. Demography covers many aspects that are important to marketers including family dynamics, geographic shifts, work force changes, and levels of diversity in any given area. Another aspect of the macro environment is the economic environment. This refers to the purchasing power of potential customers and the ways in which people spend their money. Natural: The natural environment is another important impact of the macro environment for the organization. This includes the natural resources that a company uses as inputs and affects their marketing activities. The concern in this area is the increased pollution, shortages of raw materials and increased governmental intervention. As raw materials become increasingly scarcer, the ability to create a companys product gets much harder. Also, pollution can go as far as negatively affecting a companys reputation if they are known for damaging the environment. The last concern, government intervention can make it increasingly harder for a company to fulfill their goals as requirements get more stringent. Technical: The technological environment is perhaps one of the fastest changing factors in the macro environment. This includes all developments from antibiotics and surgery to nuclear missiles and chemical weapons to automobiles and credit cards. As these markets develop it can create new markets and new uses for products. It also requires a company to stay ahead of others and update their own technology as it becomes outdated. They must stay informed of trends so they can be part of the next big thing, rather than becoming outdated and suffering the consequences financially. Political: The political environment includes all laws, government agencies, and groups that influence or limit other organizations and individuals within a society. It is important for marketers to be aware of these restrictions as they can be complex. Some products are regulated by both state and federal laws. There are even restrictions for some products as to who the target market may be, for example, cigarettes should not be marketed to younger children. There are also many restrictions on subliminal messages and monopolies. As laws and regulations change often, this is a very important aspect for a marketer to monitor. Culture: The final aspect of the macro environment is the cultural environment, which consists of institutions and basic values and beliefs of a group of people. The values can also be further categorized into core beliefs, which passed on from generation to generation and very difficult to change, and secondary beliefs, which tend to be easier to influence. As a marketer, it is important to know the difference between the two and to focus your marketing campaign to reflect the values of a target audience.

Scoliosis :: Health, Informative, Medicine

Scoliosis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyone's spine has curves. These curves produce the normal rounding of the shoulder and the sway of the lower back. A spine with scoliosis has abnormal curves with a rotational deformity. This means that the spine turns on its axis like a corkscrew.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scoliosis is a curvature of the spine which may have its onset in infancy but is most frequently discovered in adolescence. It is more common in females by a 2:1 ratio. However, when curves in excess of 30 degrees are evaluated, females are more frequently affected by a ration of approximately10:1. The cause of the most common form of scoliosis; idiopathic scoliosis. is unknown, but there have been hereditary factors discovered that are present.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scoliosis causes shoulder, trunk and waistline â€Å"asymmetry†. In mild forms, the condition may be barely noticed; however, in severe forms there is significant disfigurement, back pain and postural fatigue, and it may be associated with heart failure. Fortunately the majority of scoliosis cases need only close follow-up to watch for worsening of the curve. Some cases require more aggressive treatment which could include surgery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The non-operative treatment of scoliosis involves observing the deformity with examinations and repeated x-rays. Under certain circumstances, when spinal growth remains, a brace may be used in combination with follow-up x- rays. Physical therapy exercises have not been shown to be effective treatment for scoliosis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most common surgical treatment for scoliosis is a spine fusion using special stainless steel rods, hooks, and a bone graft. The rods are attached to the spine with hooks and the curved portion of the spine is carefully

An Essay on Drug Addiction Essay

KV62 is the tomb of Tutankhamun in the Valley of the Kings (Egypt), which became famous for the wealth of treasure it contained.[1] The tomb was discovered in 1922 by Howard Carter, underneath the remains of workmen’s huts built during the Ramesside Period; this explains why it was spared from the worst of the tomb depredations of that time. KV is an abbreviation for the Valley of the Kings, followed by a number to designate individual tombs in the Valley. The tomb was densely packed with items in great disarray. Carter was able to photograph garlands of flowers, which disintegrated when touched. Due to the state of the tomb, and to Carter’s meticulous recording technique, the tomb took eight years to empty, the contents all being transported to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. Tutankhamun’s tomb had been entered at least twice, not long after he was buried and well before  Carter’s discovery. The outermost doors of the shrines enclosing the king’s nested coffins were left opened, and unsealed. It is estimated that 60% of the jewellery which had been stored in the â€Å"treasury† was removed as well. After one of these ancient robberies, embalming materials from KV62 are believed to have been buried at KV54. The pharaoh’s solid gold funerary mask was interred with him in KV62. In 1907, just before his discovery of the tomb of Horemheb, Theodore M. Davis’s team uncovered a small site containing funerary artifacts with Tutankhamen’s name. Assuming that this site, identified as KV54, was Tutankhamun’s complete tomb, Davis concluded the dig. The details of both findings are documented in Davis’s 1912 publication, The Tombs of Harmhabi and Touatà ¢nkhamanou; the book closes with the comment, â€Å"I fear that the Valley of the Kings is now exhausted.†[2] But Davis was to be proven spectacularly wrong. The British Egyptologist Howard Carter (employed by Lord Carnarvon) hired a crew to help him excavate at the site of KV62. Carter went back to a  line of huts that he had abandoned a few seasons earlier. When the first step was removed, they found a stone step. Carter’s foreman got Carter and told him about the step. Working carefully, they uncovered stairs. He sent a message to Carnarvon and in a week, Carnarvon came. He cleared the doorway and made his way down a passageway that had been cleared by robbers. It was then that Howard Carter made a hole in the door, struck a match, and after discovering that the air had oxygen inside, went in. The chamber that they found was bare, but Howard Carter was convinced that there must be a secret chamber. He searched the walls and found it; it was filled with all manner of treasures and statues. He had discovered Tutankhamun’s tomb (since designated KV62) in the Valley of the Kings on November 4, 1922, near the entrance to the tomb of Ramesses VI, thereby setting off a renewed interest in all things Egyptian in the modern world. Carter contacted his patron, and on November 26 that year, both men became the first people to enter Tutankhamun’s tomb in over 3000 years. After many weeks of careful excavation, on February 16, 1923, Carter opened the inner chamber and first saw the sarcophagus of Tutankhamun. All of this was conveyed to the public by H. V. Morton, the only journalist allowed on the scene. Investigation [edit] Howard Carter and associates opening the shrine doors in the burial chamber (1924 reconstruction of the 1923 event) The first step to the stairs was found on November 4, 1922.[3] The following day saw the exposure of a complete staircase. The end of November saw access to the antechamber and the discovery of the annex, and then the burial chamber and treasury. On November 29, the tomb was opened, and the first announcement and press conference followed the next day. The first item was removed from the tomb on December 27.[4] On February 16, 1923 the burial chamber was opened,[5] and on April 5 Lord Carnarvon died. On February 12, 1924, the granite lid of the sarcophagus was raised.[6] In April, Carter argued with the Antiquities Service, and left the excavation for the United States. In January 1925, Carter resumed activities in the tomb, and on October 13, he removed the cover of the first sarcophagus; on October 23, he removed the cover of the second sarcophagus; on October 28, the team removed the cover of the final sarcophagus and exposed the mummy; and on November 11, the  examination of the remains of Tutankhamun started. An alabaster jar found in the tomb, symbolizing the union ofLower and Upper Egypt. Work started in the treasury on October 24, 1926, and between October 30 and December 15, 1927, the annex was emptied and examined. On November 10, 1930, eight years after the discovery, the last objects were finally removed from the tomb of the long lost pharaoh. [7] Layout of tomb[edit] Plan of KV62. In design, the tomb appears to have originally been intended for a private individual, not for royalty.[8] There is some evidence to suggest that the tomb was adapted for a royal occupant during its excavation.[9] This may be supported by the fact that only the burial chamber walls were decorated, unlike royal tombs in which nearly all walls were painted with scenes from the Book of the Dead.[9] Isometric, plan and elevation images of KV62 taken from a 3d model Stereo drawing of tomb viewed from northwest. Staircase [edit] Starting from a small, level platform, 16 steps descend to the first doorway, which was sealed and plastered – although it had been penetrated by grave robbers at least twice in antiquity. Entrance corridor [edit] Beyond the first doorway, a descending corridor leads to the second sealed door, and into the room that Carter described as the Antechamber. This was used originally to hold material left over from the funeral and material associated with the embalming of the king. After the initial robberies, this material was either moved into the tomb proper, or to KV54. Antechamber [edit] The undecorated antechamber was found to be in a state of â€Å"organized chaos† and contained approximately 700 objects (articles 14 to 171 in the Carter catalogue) amongst which were three funeral beds, plates in shape of  hippopotamus (the Goddess Tawaret), of lion (or leopards) and cattle (the Goddess Hathor). Perhaps the most remarkable item in this room were the components, stacked, of four chariots of which one was probably used for hunting, one for â€Å"war† and another two for parades. Many of the 700 objects were made of gold. Burial chamber [edit] Cross-section of shrines and sarcophagi in KV62 Decoration [edit] This is the only decorated chamber in the tomb, with scenes from the Opening of the Mouth ritual (showing Ay, Tutankhamun’s successor acting as the king’s son, despite being older than he is) and Tutankhamun with the goddess Nut on the north wall, the first hour of Amduat (on the west wall), spell one of the Book of the Dead (on the east wall) and representations of the king with various deities (Anubis, Isis, Hathor and others now destroyed) on the south wall. The north wall shows Tutankhamen being followed by his Ka, being welcomed to the underworld by Osiris.[10] Some of the treasures in Tutankhamun’s tomb are noted for their apparent departure from traditional depictions of the boy king. Certain cartouches where a king’s name should appear have been altered, as if to reuse the property of a previous pharaoh—as often occurred. However, this instance may simply be the product of â€Å"updating† the artifacts to reflect the shift from Tutankhaten to Tutankhamun. Other differences are less easy to explain, such as the older, more angular facial features of the middle coffin and canopic coffinettes. The most widely accepted theory for these latter variations is that the items were originally intended for Smenkhkare, who may or may not be the mysterious KV55 mummy. This mummy, according to craniological examinations, bears a striking first-order (father-to-son, brother-to-brother) relationship to Tutankhamun. [11] Contents [edit] The outer golden shrine, now on display in the Cairo Museum Tutankhamun’s wooden chest The entire chamber was occupied by four gilded wooden shrines which surrounded the king’s sarcophagus. The outer shrine ([1] in the cross-section) measured 5.08 x 3.28 x 2.75 m and 32 mm thick, almost  entirely filling the room, with only 60 cm at either end and less than 30 cm on the sides. Outside of the shrines were 11 paddles for the â€Å"solar boat†, containers for scents, and lamps decorated with images of the GodHapi[disambiguation needed]. The fourth and last shrine ([4]) was 2.90 m long and 1.48 m wide. The wall decorations depict the king’s funeral procession, and Nut was painted on the ceiling, â€Å"embracing† the sarcophagus with her wings. This sarcophagus was constructed in granite ([a] in the cross-section). Each corner of the main body and lid were carved from stone of different colours. It appears to have been constructed for another owner, but then recarved for Tutankhamen; the identity of the original owner is not preserved.[10] In each corner a protective goddess (Isis, Nephthys, Serket and Neith) guards the body. Inside, the king’s body was placed within three mummiform coffins, the outer two made of gilded wood while the innermost was composed of 110.4 kg of pure gold.[12] The mummy itself was adorned with a gold mask, mummy bands and other funerary items. The funerary mask is made of gold, inlaid with lapis lazuli, carnelian, quartz, obsidian, turquoise and glass and faience, and weighs 11 kg.[13] Treasury [edit] The treasury was the burial chamber’s only side-room and was accessible by an unblocked doorway. It contained over 5,000 catalogued objects, most of them funerary and ritual in nature. The two largest objects found in this room were the king’s elaborate canopic chest and a large statue of Anubis. Other items included numerous shrines containing gilded statuettes of the king and deities, model boats and two more chariots. This room also held two mummies of fetuses that some considers to have been stillborn offspring of the king.[14] Annex [edit] The â€Å"annex†, originally used to store oils, ointments, scents, foods and wine, was the last room to be cleared, from the end of October 1927 to the spring of 1928. Although quite small in size, it contained approximately 280 groups of objects, totaling more than 2,000 individual pieces. Present day [edit] As of 2007, the tomb was open for visitors, at an additional charge above  that of the price of general access to the Valley of the Kings. The number of visitors was limited to 400 per day in 2008.[15] However, since 2010 the tomb has been closed to the public. Restoration work is being undertaken by the Getty Conservation Institute over a span of five years;[16] the future of the tomb’s availability to the public is unknown at this point. Tourists visiting[who?] in 2012 report that the tomb has indeed been reopened, but the additional fee to enter it remains.[citation needed] The tomb is expected to be definitively closed to public in 2013, but a reproduction will be placed nearby at the Valley of the Kings and will be available to the public.[17]

Example NSM Scholarship Essay

Example NSM Scholarship Essay Free Online Research Papers Example NSM Scholarship Essay I always enjoyed Biology. From the first time I took the introduction course in high school, I was entranced by it. In fact, when I took the AP Biology course in my senior year in high school, I had to agree when my teacher gave the reasons why Phosphofructokinase is favorite enzyme. I mean, how can it not be? I chose to attend the College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics at the University of Houston because I know its a great program, and its only getting better as time goes by. I believe that doing well here will help me in my next major goal, med school. Im hoping to do something in either cardiac surgery or anesthesiology. Why med school? I can safely say that my family is one of high achievers, and I aim to keep that tradition. In my parents generation, there are 3 doctors, and I hope to be the first in mine. There is also something that appeals to me in the act of helping people. I happen to be relatively good at fixing computers, and there is some joy in that, but in the end, its not enough. As a biology major at UH, I believe I can propel myself towards these goals. Research Papers on Example NSM Scholarship EssayStandardized TestingPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHip-Hop is ArtThe Hockey GameHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Genetic EngineeringPETSTEL analysis of IndiaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

Free Essays on Harriet Beecher Stowe

Suzanne M. Coil’s Harriet Beecher Stowe is a biography of one of the most influential women of the 1800s. Well-written and organized, the book is enjoyable and informative to read, although it does not go into detail about any facet of Stowe’s life. Coil’s sources for her book come mainly from other materials that have been written about Stowe, although she does reference at times the works and letters of Stowe, herself. Harriet Elizabeth Beecher was born on June 14, 1811, in Litchfield, Connecticut, to Lyman and Roxanna Foote Beecher. The seventh out of thirteen children, she early exhibited her brilliance. Sadly, her mother died while Harriet was only four years old, leaving the duties of raising the large Beecher family to her older sister, Catherine, who would play a large role in Harriet’s life. Lyman Beecher was a domineering, intensely Christian man, and a fiery evangelist who helped to spark the nationwide temperance movement. He, too, would have a great influence on Harriet’s life, although she would eventually come to disagree with his spiritual beliefs. Harriet Beecher Stowe is famous for her writing of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, the book which helped to make an entire nation aware of the horrors of slavery. She met her first Black people at her grandmother’s house at the age of four, and even then, Harriet was confused because she did not understand why the Blacks were not treated as equals, when she was told that everyone was God’s child. Harriet’s father, as well as being a temperance leader, strongly denounced slavery, and this also contributed to Harriet’s early awareness of the evils of slavery. Harriet was very academic. She loved to read, and by age fourteen, she was teaching at her sister’s school for girls, as well as attending classes. By age twenty-one, she was a full-time teacher at the school. However, she hated teaching, preferring to spend her time alone in her attic room, writing... Free Essays on Harriet Beecher Stowe Free Essays on Harriet Beecher Stowe Suzanne M. Coil’s Harriet Beecher Stowe is a biography of one of the most influential women of the 1800s. Well-written and organized, the book is enjoyable and informative to read, although it does not go into detail about any facet of Stowe’s life. Coil’s sources for her book come mainly from other materials that have been written about Stowe, although she does reference at times the works and letters of Stowe, herself. Harriet Elizabeth Beecher was born on June 14, 1811, in Litchfield, Connecticut, to Lyman and Roxanna Foote Beecher. The seventh out of thirteen children, she early exhibited her brilliance. Sadly, her mother died while Harriet was only four years old, leaving the duties of raising the large Beecher family to her older sister, Catherine, who would play a large role in Harriet’s life. Lyman Beecher was a domineering, intensely Christian man, and a fiery evangelist who helped to spark the nationwide temperance movement. He, too, would have a great influence on Harriet’s life, although she would eventually come to disagree with his spiritual beliefs. Harriet Beecher Stowe is famous for her writing of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, the book which helped to make an entire nation aware of the horrors of slavery. She met her first Black people at her grandmother’s house at the age of four, and even then, Harriet was confused because she did not understand why the Blacks were not treated as equals, when she was told that everyone was God’s child. Harriet’s father, as well as being a temperance leader, strongly denounced slavery, and this also contributed to Harriet’s early awareness of the evils of slavery. Harriet was very academic. She loved to read, and by age fourteen, she was teaching at her sister’s school for girls, as well as attending classes. By age twenty-one, she was a full-time teacher at the school. However, she hated teaching, preferring to spend her time alone in her attic room, writing...

Film Journal about the movie called Thelma & Louise Review

Film Journal about the called Thelma & Louise - Movie Review Example This causes the two women to go on the run as they are chased by the police. In the process, Thelma grows into her own strength and independence as a woman while Louise learns to depend a little on someone else. However, in the end, they chose to drive into the Grand Canyon instead of trying to shoot their way through a police blockade or be arrested. An important scene that shows the women’s growth occurs when the two women are pulled over in the New Mexico desert by a single police officer who asks Louise to get in his car. The scene begins with Louise firmly in charge as the driver of the car and the two women are driving along in relative silence. All that is heard is the sound of the car engine. Then a police siren slowly starts to crescendo until Louise looks in the rearview mirror and notices they are being pulled over. Although both women panic a bit, Louise makes the reasoned decision to go ahead and pull over and follows the officer’s instructions on the chance that he is unaware that they are wanted criminals. Throughout the scene, Louise is seen to move from a strongly assertive role to one in which she is completely passive and finally to becoming a partner in Thelma’s plan. In contrast, Thelma starts the scene is her common passive position as passenger in Louise’s car. When they are pulled over, she is still in passive mode, attempting to flirt with the police officer as a means of perhaps buttering him up or getting out of the ticket. Thelma goes out of frame as Louise and the officer go back to his car, but then appears relatively quickly in his driver’s side window with a gun, taking a suddenly very active role in the action. From this point forward in the scene, she takes an aggressive role, first ordering Louise around and taking decisive steps to secure their escape. When the two women jump back in

The Responce for The Movie Into The Wild Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Responce for The Movie Into The Wild - Essay Example Chris had the misunderstanding that nature could be tamed. Only after making his journey and reaching his sad ending could he find that nature is too powerful to be tamed. Nature carries a very important and particular allure to Chris. Chris perceives the wilderness or nature as a state that is purer and free of all bad influences of the modern society. Chris hopes to explore the meaning of his existence and wants to live in such a way that no rules but those made by himself govern his life; he wants to be free. For Chris, being free does not necessarily mean not being chained. Being free to him means to live on one’s own terms and according to the rules made by oneself rather than others. Living this way, Chris actually finds out at least some keys to living like he desires and at least some answers to the questions he originally had. As Chris explains the reason why he does not pursue a professional career after graduating from the college to Franz in these words, â€Å"Mr. Franz I think careers are a 20th century invention and I don't want one† (Penn). Likewise, for example, at one point in the film, Chris says, â€Å"I read somewhere... how important it is in life not necessarily to be strong... but to feel strong† (Penn). He reaches these conclusions only after making this journey. However, the fact that the daily life in the wilderness of the nature is far less romantic than what Chris had originally imagined. So much of Chris’s times is consumed just in looking for food to be alive basically that there is hardly any time left for him to adore the nature as is evident from the scene in the film when Chris develops a list of food in the journal that he daily locates and consumes. Nature can be adored, but it cannot be lived alone with. Chris in the... "The Response to the Movie into the Wild" essay gives a full and deep analysis of film directed by Sean Penn and explain by what has guided the main character while making decisions. Many people sometimes feel a strong urge to do what they have been cultivating a longing desire in their heart for no matter what it takes. Chris is shown as one character that possesses unusual curiosity for the nature as well as its adventures. He wants to know what he does not know thus far and wants to experience what he has never experienced in the past. For this reason, he does what he has never done in the past. His curiosity reflects in numerous quotes of Chris in the film. â€Å"The core of mans' spirit comes from new experiences† (Penn). From the activities Chris involves in after leaving his home, it can be assessed that he is by nature a very loving and caring man. Chris’s high moral values reflect in his consideration of truth as the most superior to all other blessings in the world, as he says, â€Å"I'm going to paraphrase Thoreau here... rather than love, than money, than faith, than fame, than fairness... give me truth† (Penn). Indeed, it is the very love for nature that compels him to take this big a step to leave everything he owns behind and instead explore the nature and the adventures hidden into it. However, none of what he does is right because he breaks connection with his fundamental responsibilities. From the type of personality Chris has as shown in the film, it is obvious that he has brains, but thinks on the wrong lines.