The Effects of the American Correctional Policy

Proof Based Correction: Definition and Significance Before going any further, it is important to present the marvel of proof based amendment. Proof based revision is characterized as a framework wherein â€Å"data, not negligible suppositions [†¦] assume the focal job in controlling devotion to some random restorative theory† (MacKenzie, 2012, p. 1).Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The Effects of the American Correctional Policy explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn more or less, the wonder of proof based revision can be made certain about as the lawful framework where proof assumes the turning job in deciding the measure of discipline, yet in addition checking whether the criminal is paying his/her obligation to the general public. Contradicted to the customary arrangement of punishments, the given framework surmises certain component of recovery, best case scenario and paying the obligation to society in any event: â€Å"the treatment of crooks by society is for the insurance of society† (Wines, 1871, p. 541). The essentialness of proof based revision seems, by all accounts, to be very high. The possibility that the impacts of conventional methodologies and regular amendment techniques can be improved and expanded a few times is really shocking; in any case, with the assistance of proof based revisions, the given impact is achievable. Since social logical strategies are used over the span of a proof based remedy so as to contemplate and improve revision systems, significant improvement of remedial philosophy can be normal, which implies that the quality and viability of the techniques will increment in geometrical movement. The way that the accessible assets are used completely in the process is additionally significant. On account of the quick pace of restorative systems, much of the time, the capability of the vast majority of the assets remains unlocked.Advertising Looking for exposition on criminal law? H ow about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With the use of proof based adjustments, in any case, one will have the option to utilize the current assets completely, wherein the essentialness of proof based rectification lies. Also, the given methodology characterizes further roads of tending to the issue being referred to. Equity Model for Correction: The Time Personal Change Has Come An equity model for revision is a particular strategy that is planned for transforming the criminal into a normal citizen. Despite the fact that regularly being alluded to as a healthy idea, an equity model is spoken to by its various alterations. To begin with, there is the recovery model, which assumes that every criminal should experience a procedure of individual change and is just suitable in the event that the wrongdoing was carried out under explicit conditions, and for no situation included the opportunity of decision between the privilege and an i nappropriate activity: When the rights given to hoodlums are viewed as a significant snag in the state’s journey to watch the lives and material assets of the general population, preservationists have kept up a progressively basic explanation regarding why [†¦] crooks ought to be restored and not rebuffed. (Cullen, Gilbert, 1982, pp. 95â€96) The adequacy of the given model can be contended. Despite the fact that the custom of convincing individuals to lead the lives of well behaved residents appeared to be proficient at the time that it was utilized, getting individuals far from intersection the law by speaking to their dread can't be viewed as the most ideal approach to persuade them to adhere to the stated purpose of the law, despite the fact that the â€Å"links between endorse hazard discernments and behavior† (Nagin, 1998, p. 5) are self-evident. From one viewpoint, the model brought very productive outcomes; then again, â€Å"prisons do increment recidiv ism† (Gendreau, Goggin, 2000, p. 308).Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The Effects of the American Correctional Policy explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, it very well may be accepted that penitentiaries have a specific obstruction impact, yet reusing this impact to shape people’s conduct and decrease crime percentages appears to be outlandish. Experimental Evidence of Deterrent Theory: Proving the Point as opposed to the recovery hypothesis, the hypothesis of prevention depends exclusively on people’s dread of getting rebuffed. A comparative methodology was utilized by pilgrims in the XVIII century: â€Å"For the individuals who neglected to be debilitated by flogging, the pioneers showed no hesitance to fall back on surer intends to manage these evil animals [†¦]† (Cullen Gilbert, 1982, p. 47). An option in contrast to the recovery technique, it ought to likewise be given a legitimate referencing as rather effective strategy, which has very short timeframe of realistic usability, however. As it has been worried over, the possibility of discipline following a wrongdoing fills in as a ground-breaking keeps an eye on to get individuals far from bad behavior. The manner by which discouragement hypothesis works, however, brings up a couple of issues, To begin with, the components of the given strategy are very dark; it is difficult to make sense of whether individuals fear the detainment following the wrongdoing Incapacitation Effects of Prison: The Circle Has Closed As it has been pushed, in a perfect world, equity framework must be founded on the lawful rules that take into account rebuffing a crook, yet in addition helping the last repair his ways. Be that as it may, penitentiaries don't generally work along these lines. Such â€Å"correctional quackery† (Latessa, Cullen, Gendreau, 2002, p. 43) is, shockingly, not uncommon. The given technique, be that as it may, is leg itimized by the reasonable decision hypothesis, with its â€Å"cost oriented† (Cullen, Pratt, Miceli, Moon, 2002, p. 285) approach.Advertising Searching for paper on criminal law? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More As indicated by the consequences of the researchconducted by Petersilia and Turner, the test did by the RAND Corporation, which tried the viability of ISPs, or Intensive Surveillance Programs, returned rather surprising outcomes. Tried in 14 wards in nine states (Petersilia Turner, 1993, p. 281). In spite of the way that few sorts of projects were utilized over the span of the trial, for example, â€Å"prison diversion† and â€Å"enhancement programs† (Petersilia Turner, 1993, p. 281), Petersilia and Turner lean toward an umbrella term of ISP in their examination. Objectivity is the key resource of the last mentioned; the analysts plainly plan to give a fair-minded outcome and remark on the viability of ISP. Be that as it may, the investigation appears to need proof on the impacts of ISP on criminals, yet additionally minor guilty parties. It is far fetched that serious probation and parole may work similarly well on a criminal and an insignificant crook. It ought to be referenced, however, that ISP contemplates go back to the 1960s, when ISP was made as a probation the board instrument. Along these lines, the accentuation was put on the recovery of the sentenced, though the security of regular citizens and discipline were viewed as optional objectives. Be that as it may, comparable or unimpressively lower paces of capture rates among the crooks who were managed as per the ISP standards (Petersilia Turner, 1993) prompted the reduction in the ISP centrality and use. Connect Movement and Its Efficacy: Evaluation With that being stated, the standards of the Get in Touch Movement are still truly faulty. In spite of the fact that clearly, while fearing the outcomes, individuals are slanted to withstand the law and are probably not set out to cross it, basing the whole thought of adhering to the apparent aim of the law on people’s dread of detainment or another kind of discipline is morally off-base, since the given procedure is planned for chang ing people’s conduct without changing the components that instigate the given personal conduct standards. For whatever length of time that individuals are constrained by dread and not by the moral standards, they will consistently discover the best approach to conquer this dread and discover the way to stay away from the hindrances set by the legitimate framework. With what Cullen, Wright, and Applegate characterized as â€Å"intermediate punishment† (Cullen, Wright, Applegate, 1996, p. 73), the whole equity framework can be reevaluated. In this way, a â€Å"new scholarly consensus† (DiJulio, Piehl, 1991, p. 15), is required. References Cullen, F. T., Gilbert, K. E. (1982). The ascent of restoration. In Cullen, F. T., Gilbert, K. E. (Eds.), Reaffirming recovery (pp. 45â€88). Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing. Cullen, F. T., Gilbert, K. E. (1982). Assaulting recovery. In Cullen, F. T., Gilbert, K. E. (Eds.), Reaffirming recovery (pp. 89â€149). Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing. Cullen, F. T., Pratt, T. C., Miceli, S. L., Moon, M. M. (2002). Hazardous liason? Judicious decision hypothesis as the reason for remedial mediation. In Piquero, A. R.., Tibbets, S. G., Rational decision and criminal conduct: Recent research and future difficulties (pp. 279â€296). New York, NY: Routledge. Cullen, F. T., Wright, J. P., Applegate, B. K. (1996). Control in the network: The restrictions of change? In Harland, A. T. (Ed.), Choosing remedial intercessions that work: characterizing the interest and assessing the gracefully (pp. 69â€116). Newbury Park, CA: SAGE. DiJulio, J. J., Jr. Piehl, A. M. (1991). Does jail pay? The Brookings Review 9 (Fall), pp. 28-35. Gendreau, P. Goggin, C. (2000). The impacts of network assents and imprisonment on recidivism. Gathering on Corrections look into, 12(2), pp. 10â€13. Latessa, E. J., Cullen, F. T. Gendreau, P. (2002). Past remedial misrepresentation: Professionalism and the chance of compelling treatme nt. Government Probation, 66, pp. 43-49. MacKenzie, D. L. (2012). From Theory to Policy: Evidence-Based Corrections. In Cullen, F. T. Jonson, C. L. (Eds.), Correctional hypothesis: Context and result

Internationalization of small and medium enterprises effects on operations and performance

Unique Globalization activities are the present patterns where organizations seek after in an offer to be seriously advantaged. Little and medium ventures have subsequently left on opening their branches and activity of their organizations in abroad markets.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Internationalization of little and medium undertakings: impacts on tasks and execution explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is the thing that has made the specialist to do an examination by taking an example of 20 SMEs in the UK and accumulate information from the workers and top administration. It would be seen in the exploration that the presentation and operational productivity of SMEs is improved by outside activities. There will along these lines be a swell on the money related reports introduced by these organizations. Presentation An enormous number of worldwide firms are little and medium ventures. The commitment of the SMEs on the financial tur n of events and their effects on the universal field has made it a significant territory for look into. The lion’s part of the economies of immature and creating economies is constrained by little and medium ventures (Athavale, 2006). A significant extent of the size of the economies of created countries is likewise controlled by the SMEs. The need to go worldwide has prompted the disguise of the tasks of little and medium firms. The consideration on the activities of the SMEs is encapsulated by the amount of research embraced on the commitments of SMEs on the financial presentation of different economies (Kirby S, 2003). It is currently regular to discover branches and operators of little and medium undertakings in abroad economies. The premises that are utilized in the arrangement of tasks as either little or enormous depends on factors like number of clients, capital base, number of representatives, innovations embraced and the size of the premises among others (Aitken Har rison, 1999). In UK, a lion’s portion of the market is constrained by little and medium undertakings. Legitimization of the investigation theme Several scientists have led their examinations on the different components that have prompted the global activities of SMEs and built up the job of internationalization on the development of these associations. More research has likewise been directed on the systems and structures set up to guarantee firms go global.Advertising Looking for paper on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Little research has been done on the effect of globalization on the exhibition and tasks of SMEs. It is therefore that the specialist has singled out this theme to additionally decrease the data hole. The exploration region has additionally been wanted by the inclination to understand the patterns that are probably going to be seen in the internationalization of private co mpany. The effect of internationalization is additionally significant as in it might have an impressive effect of the monetary factors for example business, monetary development and levels of financial communications. Targets of the investigation The scientist has completed this examination in light of the accompanying goals: To comprehend the purpose behind internationalization of little and medium ventures To decide the hindrances of internationalization of SMEs To extravagantly and decide the effects internationalization of SMEs on their presentation and tasks. Writing Review Reasons for internationalization SME’s want to work in abroad markets has been moved by numerous variables. As per Turnbull (1987), a portion of the basic reasons why little firms have chosen to globalize include: The need to build their money related returns-internationalization will expand the firm’s turnover and result into economies of scale creation which decreases the expenses of activiti es. Little and medium firms have subsequently internationalized their exercises so as to build deals, limit costs and amplify incomes (Burgel, Fier, Litch, Murray, 2001). To abuse new cutting edge innovations SMEs that are looking for new and trend setting innovations have consistently internationalized in an offered to use and advantage from the innovation that better. Innovation diminishes costs, increment yield and increment productivity and viability underway (Aitken Harrison, 1999) To go into new markets (augment buyer base) †the accessibility of a wide market and worldwide buyers, inspires the development of the SMEs in the remote market. Kirby S (2003), attests that International tasks additionally improve broadening diminishing the money related stuns prone to be knowledgeable about operations.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Internationalization of little and medium undertakings: impacts on activities and execution explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The section of SMEs in new markets will result into a change of the special message that is utilized to showcase in the worldwide market. This is a direct result of the assorted societies language and the media inclusion. Advantage from a pool of qualified human asset †firms that work comprehensively can profit by the accessibility of an enormous pool of qualified mastery. Mastery improves the nature of choices and arrangements that are made by an association (Grant, Jammine, Thomas, 1988). It consequently persuades little and medium endeavors to globalize and utilize these creation factors. To misuse the inert variables of creation the organizations SMEs are invested with assets that they on occasion neglect to totally use in the household advertise. The inert assets can consequently be placed into creation by internationalizing. This will decrease the degree of unused assets and increment the creation level. The SMEs will accordingly make more gains in th eir activities. The majority of these components are brought about by the need to stay serious in the market that is described by hardened rivalry from known and obscure, unfriendly and amicable, proposed and unintended contenders (Athavale, 2006). Independent of whom the contenders are little and medium firms need to avoid potential risk so as to guarantee their endurance. Natural checking is commanded by the need to hold piece of the pie and improve money related execution in the quick changing condition brought about by decrease in government guideline and the expansion in the size of the casual part (Grant, Jammine, Thomas, 1988) Obstacles of internationalization of SMEs According to Moen (1999), there are different elements that block internationalization of SME. These include: Financial imperative in embraced global development firms require sufficient assets to empower it balance out in the outside market. SMEs have significantly been compelled by the assets required for sett ing up tasks of their activities.Advertising Searching for article on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Lawful and administrative system the various economies where global firms work is described by assorted government guidelines and changing lawful structure. A few nations intentionally declare rules planned to lessen and banish firms from entering their business sectors. This has decreased vigorously the tasks of firms in universal markets. A few SMEs have too been looked by ceaseless legitimate procedures for neglecting to act inside the lawful structure. Exchange boundaries and immense duties represent overwhelming expenses of internationalization. Distinctive social practices and convictions culture is the convictions, standards, feelings and practices maintained in a given society (Grant, Jammine, Thomas, 1988). Global tasks require significant level of social comprehension if an organizations item gas to perform better than expected in the universal market. SMEs inability to tweak their item and limited time message to suit the universal, showcase unfavorably impact their exhibi tion (Turnbull, 1987) Competitive weaknesses worldwide market experience extraordinary ecological and market changes that influence the patterns and points of reference of business execution. SMEs are constantly portrayed by poor ability of examining and anticipating the market patterns. This has additionally ruined their presentation in the worldwide market. Huge global organizations have likewise occupied with an uncalled for exchange rivalry which has prompted the downfall of SMEs exercises. Internationalization systems There are various ways which a firm can use to globalize. As per Aitken Harrison(1999), the internationalization systems include: Exporting-in trading, firms take part underway in home nation and fare their items to the remote market. It can include either immediate or backhanded sending out. In direct trading firms will utilize its representatives in exportation while in aberrant sending out, there is the utilization of outside gatherings (Kirby S, 2003). This sy stem is subject to the vehicle costs and the import obligation forced by the bringing in country. Shaping partnerships SMEs can disguise their activity by going into unions with remote firms that will help infiltrate the market proficiently and rapidly. Moen (1999) opines that key coalitions are profitable since it allows snappy passage in the outside market, synergetic impacts of unions and the capacity to utilize the dissemination channel of the key accomplices. It additionally includes the sharing of expenses and dangers which in this manner limit the hazard factor. The sort of key partnership went into directs the achievement or disappointment of passage (Burgel, Fier, Litch, Murray, 2001). Firms must there fore recognize impartially and cautiously the vital accomplice that will empower fruitful passage. Outside direct venture firms that choose to disguise as such can do this in two structures: Greenfield speculations or merger and acqui

Desirees Baby Foreshadowing Essay Sample

Desirees Baby Foreshadowing Essay Sample A fascinating story called “Desiree’s Baby” developed by Kate Chopin has raised a number of questions including complex issue of interracial relationships in the pre-war period. However, we will not focus on those issues but rather have a closer look at the foreshadowing in the story. The plot of the book centres on a life of a girl named Desiree. She gets adopted by a wealthy family after they find her abandoned. The family of Valmondé give her everything she needs, and even help her get married to a wealthy man with the noble roots. The only problem is that once she gives birth to her first child everyone notice that the newborn has a darker tone of skin than the rest of the family. Immediately they suspect that Desiree has some interracial connections since no one knows her family. She is thrown out of the house, but at the end of the “Desiree’s Baby” it turns out it is her husband who has the interracial background. An intriguing plot is made even more interesting by the foreshadowing which an author interweaves in a story all the time. The first sign we find at the beginning of the book. Once Armand starts making approaches to Desiree, we see how arrogant he is. He shows no sign of kindness and tenderness but only profound and all-consuming narcissism. From this, we can feel that no good can come from being married to a man of such character. Besides, when Desiree’s stepmother pays a visit to a family of a husband-to-be, we get to sense the atmosphere of Armand’s family and territory at their ownership. We read that she winced at the sight of their house and their land. It felt like no caring hand of a woman ever touched them. This description leads us to a conclusion that something sad is about to happen. We can feel how things are heating up. More free time? Better grade? Click on this button nowOrder Now Moreover, another foreshadowing takes place when an author mentions that people working for the family of Armand seem to be overly serious and disturbed. They show no sign of joy and happiness in their daily routine. This helps us feel the atmosphere in the air. Finally, one more time an author helps us see how the things will develop when Desiree comments on her husband’s remarks about how proud he is about being white. It is not his first time of demonstrating racist inclinations. However, it really is one of the brightest situations which gave us a clear idea of how this situation will develop. Armand seems really offended when Desiree states that her hands are whiter than his. He shows how insulted he is, so in the end, when Desiree is thrown out of the house, we cannot say that we are surprised. The foreshadowing in this story helps readers get engaged into the story. It’s sort of walks us through the book and helps us feel as if we are writing the story ourselves. Moreover, it creates the tension and atmosphere. It makes the audience expect new developments and feel excited about them. The foreshadowing in the story by Kate Chopin is noticed in three different situations. If you want to explore this notion, then read the story and feel how foreshadowing works.

Essay on Exploring the Effects of Exercise on Depression

â€Å"Eleven percent of Americans aged 12 years and over, take antidepressant medication,† â€Å"antidepressants were the third most common prescription drug †¦ in 2005 – 2008,† and from 1988 to 2008, the rate of antidepressant use in the US increased nearly 400% (Pratt). The first step to treating many of these new cases of depression is the prescription and use of antidepressant medication, however this has cause a mass flooding of our society with unnecessary prescription drugs. Due to the ease of treatment, primarily with prescription drugs, and the large range of severity in depression is often over diagnosed, adding to the problem. The persons whom are misdiagnosed will then be receiving drugs, all of which have side effects, and can take†¦show more content†¦Normally side effects are mild; with more impairing side effects being less frequent. According to the same pamphlet, the most common side effects are â€Å"constipation, daytime sleepiness, diarrhea, dizziness, dry mouth, headache, nausea, sexual problems, shakiness, trouble sleeping, and weight gain.† Also mentioned elsewhere are â€Å"Serotonin syndrome† which can include â€Å"confusion, hallucinations, loss of coordination, fever, rapid heart rate, and vomiting† and that the medication can worsen your depression and can increase the risk of suicide or self-mutilation. Having any of these would be very intrusive upon a person’s normal functioning. Antidepressants also usually take â€Å"at least 6 full weeks to begin to get the full effect† (United States) of their depression lessening. This long lag time bet ween when treatment begins and when depression alleviation starts is another concern, as alternative methods can begin working right away and if you need to switch antidepressants, it takes another 6 weeks for the next one to work. The long treatment time is another drawback of using antidepressants as â€Å"most people need to keep taking these medicines for 6 to 9 months,† (United States) yet later in the same pamphlet it is stated that not much is known about the long term use of antidepressants because the â€Å"research studies generally onlyShow MoreRelatedDoes Participating in Sports Help Reduce the Levels of Stress in College Students?708 Words   |  3 Pagesfind out the depression levels of the participants and see if physical activity effects all participants with different levels of depression or only participates of low levels of depression, we will use a beck depression scale to test the levels of the participants throughout the study. This is important becaus e it will help to bring about a new way to keep a large amount of people away from depression because we know the effects of physical activity on society in order keep depression at a controllableRead MoreEssay about Exercise and Depression1597 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Healthy body, healthy mind† Can exercise help with depression? STUDENT ID: 8401122 Abstract This report aims to determine the efficacy and benefits of exercise in the management of depression, which is classified by the World Health Organisation as a mood disorder. In order to place exercise therapy into context, conventional methods for treating clinical depression are discussed. A personal meta-analysisRead MoreOvereating and obesity Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesWhy do Americans overeat to the point of becoming obese and what are the effects on the body? As the world looks at society today, clearly Americans have an issue with being overweight and becoming obese especially compared with other countries. â€Å"Approximately 17% (or 12.5 million) of children and adolescents aged 2—19 years are obese,† and â€Å"more than one-third of U.S. adults (35.7%) are obese† (Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, 2013, Data and Statistics). History suggests that overeatingRead MoreEssay The Many Benefits of Exercise1513 Words   |  7 Pagesthe lack of education about health and exercise. Exercise has a wide variety of positive effects on the body and mind that can be categorized into three main parts. Part one describes psychological benefits, including the influences exercise has on the mind and its functions, as well as the behavioral changes it presents. Part two explains the physical qualities that exercise can enhance. This effect incorporates the body as apposed to the mind. Exercise affects your overall body appearance andRead MoreDeclining Health for Middle Aged Adults Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pageshealth concerns that they need to be aware of and they must be proactive about addressing these concerns before they have adverse effects on their health. Some physical concerns middle age adults should be concerned with include hyperlipidemia, hypertension and stroke. Physical health concerns can often be li nked to psychosocial health concerns. These may include depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Nurses can help middle age adults to reduce their risk of suffering from future physicalRead MoreAnimal Assisted Therapy Paper891 Words   |  4 Pageshypervigilance is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This disorder has been classified to have high rates of depression and substances abuse. According to Glintborg and Hansen (2017), Adults experiencing PTSD are one of the most difficult populations to treat and have up to a 50 percent chance of dropping out of treatment. However, a new therapeutic approach researchers are now exploring is animal treatment. Professionals are establishing goal-directed therapeutic intervention for this populationRead MoreHow Effective The Ymca Model Affected Weight Loss Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pagesanalysis of the results could have been altered by selection bias. The second was that RAPID was not primarily focused on comparing how effecti ve the intervention was therefore more research is needed to fully understand how to increase the positive effects of the intervention on weight loss in this particular population. The last limitation was that RAPID was conducted only for a period of 12 months, which took away the opportunity to assess weight management over an extended period of time (AckermannRead MoreDepression.Intromind Life Is So Essential And Requires1593 Words   |  7 PagesDEPRESSION intro Mind life is so essential and requires a special and repetitive care . The majority of our life problems can be related to our internal or psychological life . this internal life reflects our behavior and way of thinking , dealing with things and living . there are a lot of psychological problems that can be either inhibited or created later on in life and that affect our life performance and lead us to so many problems and require a instant treatment . one of thoseRead MoreHow Stress Affects Physical Health1288 Words   |  6 Pagessuggested to solve the stress problem by using psychological approaches, however, the research in recent decades has identified a significant awareness gap between the benefits of physical activities and stress relief. The following paper is aiming at exploring how stress affects physical health and how to relieve stress physically. Stress was defined by Selye as the nonspecific response of the body to any demand (Christopher, 1996), the development of society and economic has significant boost the functionRead MoreThe Importance Of Playtime Throughout Childhood Development1670 Words   |  7 Pageswith to help soothe and keep entertained. Such toys include, rattles, interactive play mats, decorative walkers, and arts and craft related toys. Babies transition from being so dependent upon their caregivers to exploring what it is they can do. Through exploring toys and learning cause/effect relationships, babies start to understand how to make something work themselves. They start to tune their motor skills by understanding how to touch, pull and shake, as well as begin to develop their own cognitive

Urban Life And Contemporary Urban Sociology - 1493 Words

It cannot be denied that the late 18th century and early 19th century were revolutionary eras. Significant and remarkable events such as the industrial revolution, the evolution of rural areas, the development of new inventions and machinery, the rise of capitalism and individualism, but more importantly, people migrating from rural to urban areas to have a better lifestyle, were topics clearly depicted in the writings of Ferdinand Tà ¶nnies, Georg Simmel, Jane Jacobs, Robert Putnam, Barry Wellman, and Barry Leighton. All these authors made great contributions to the study of urban life and contemporary urban sociology. Tà ¶nnies’s, Simmel’s, Jacobs’s, Putnam’s, Wellman’s, and Leighton’s writings mainly illustrate the dramatic changes that the world faced as a result of the transition from traditional society to a modern, industrial and urban society. Furthermore, these writers developed concepts to explain human interaction in metropolitan areas and to explain how modernity and urbanity have changed dramatically the nature of human interactions. In Community and Society, Tà ¶nnies (1887) discusses the concepts of Gemeinschaft (community) and Gesellschaft (society). According to these concepts, people living in community and people living in a society will develop a different type of will; these are essential will and arbitrary will. Tà ¶nnies explains that individuals who form part of the Gemeinschaft act under essential will. Essential will prioritizes the community’s goalsShow MoreRelatedThe Influx of Changes in Chicago During the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century844 Words   |  3 Pagesto an urban industrial giant, the leading manufacturing country in the world. As this economic growth proliferated, Chicago was the epicenter in America. Travelers from Europe flocked to Chicago in search of opportunity. Meatpacking and steel were especially attractive for unskilled laborers from Europe. The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, known as the Industrial Revolution, were periods of tremedous urban growth that radically changed the country. Much of the growth in urban areasRead MoreDifferences Between Du Bois And Marx1365 Words   |  6 Pagesand subsequently exploited by the dominant racial groups. An intersectionality existed in Du Bois’ work that was a departure from conventional Sociology up to that point. As a conflict theorist, W. E. B. Du Bois is naturally lumped in with other theorists in that field and his work is built upon common ideas such as Marxism. However, in contemporary Sociology, he is contrasted with others such as William Julius Wilson who viewed Class as more important than Race when dealing with the plight of AfricanRead MoreIndustrial Areas From Centralization And Neoliberal Globalisation1684 Words   |  7 Pagespart for various industry sectors. 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As an aspiring urban planner, this quote throws all of whatRead MoreOrganizational Social Life in Urban Places: An Ethnographic Argument991 Words   |  4 Pages How organization social life urban places play ethnography Anderson argues that common rhythms of societal response can be identified in similar public spaces. It is clear that the way individuals behave in noisy environments where they are constantly avoiding interaction with objects and bodies differs from convivial mingling. Alternatively, Anderson claims that places that exhibit similar patterns of vitality, usage, and organization have similar social traits (Anderson 67). To illustrateRead MoreHigh School As An Aid962 Words   |  4 Pagesthe same time, I also want to learn from this experience, though I enjoyed my time at Burncoat I am not naive enough to believe it is a perfect school. Sociology in many ways is a manner through which experiences can be seen and discussed, its a way to pull back layers and see what is really underneath. I want to use what I have learned in Sociology while interning at Burncoat. My senior year at Burncoat I worked in one of the guidance offices as a office aid and witnessed the inner workings

Englishtasks Free Essays

Task 1) Summarize briefly why Mr Ramirez came to Los Angeles and why he has to leave. â€Å"Obviously† enough Mr Ramirez came to Los Angeles in the search for a better job and life. Well job, he had a job during the war at an airplane factory making parts, and he kept this job after the war. We will write a custom essay sample on Englishtasks or any similar topic only for you Order Now The reason he had to leave was because he wasn’t allowed to stay there any longer, because his temporary visa was no longer valid. He was there six months too long as well, so the police came and picked him up, to send him back to Mexico. Task2)A There is a famous saying that is nothing more American than Mom and apple pie. This story’s â€Å"mom† just happens to be baking a pie. She looks at her pie and compares it to Mr Ramirez. What attitude toward Mr Ramirez does this comparison encourage? I think our writer; Ray Bradbury wanted to show that illegal immigrants also are human beings. Ray wanted to show that these illegal immigrants can have a positive influence on others. I even think that Mrs O’Brien likes Mr Ramirez more than just a friend; I think she likes him even more. The way she said â€Å"I just realized, I’ll never see Mr Ramirez again† made me think that. She says in a very sad way, like if she lost something very valuable to her. In all those American movies, the moms are very happy for their pies, and they let the pie’s stand in the window frame, and then someone comes and steals it. And now, someone came and took her pie, which is Mr Ramirez. Task 2) B We are given a detailed description of what Mr Ramirez likes about his room, what he spends his money on and what he likes to do in Los Angeles. What do these details reveal to us about why Mexicans like living in the USA? These descriptions start right after â€Å"Soon after Mr Ramirez had arrived.. † just like it wasn’t possible for him to do before he came. Pleasures that are harder to achieve in countries like Mexico are more easily attainable in USA, which is the land where your dreams come true, isn’t it? USA makes it easier for good, hard-working people to be something, and live more greatly. â€Å"Walked silent streets and seen the bright clothes in the windows and bought some of them† Is one of the things he likes to do. He likes to do it, and he does it, the recipe for success. I guess that in Mexico, these things are harder. Task 2) C Mrs O’Brien has been to Mexico. What did she notice? Why do you think all the negative sides of Mexico are in the thoughts of Mrs O’Brian and not Mr Ramirez? Mrs O’Brian remembers the hot days, the endless crickets leaping and falling or lying dead and brittle like the small cigars in the shop windows. She remembers the canals taking river water out to the farms, the dirt roads, and the scorched landscape. She remembers the silent towns, the warm beer, and the hot, thick food every day. She remembers the slow, dragging horses and the parched jack rabbits on the road. She remembers the Iron Mountains and the dusty valleys and the ocean beaches that spread hundreds of miles with no sound but the waves – no cars, no buildings. I believe that the reason Mrs O’Brien think of all the negative sides, and Mr Ramirez doesn’t is because he is used to them. These conditions, this land she came across during her visit is much more of a shock to her, than to Mr Ramirez. Task 2) D Both Mr Ramirez and Mrs O’Brian are suddenly overwhelmed by a feeling of loss at his leaving. Why did the writer not just have Mr Ramirez being sad about never seeing Mrs O’Brian again? I think our writer; Ray Bradbury wanted to show that illegal immigrants are also human beings. Ray wanted to show that these illegal immigrants can have a positive influence on others. As well, I think that the whole story may last in just a couple of minutes, so the author focuses more on detailed description of the character’s story and experience to give us readers a bigger picture, if not the text could be meaningless and quite short. Task 3) A Is this a story that tries to create sympathy for illegal Mexican workers? Does it succeed? I think it tries to create sympathy for those who illegally enter the USA. It does show that Mexican workers have bad living standards where they come from, so it does create sympathy in some ways. I think it’s more that they want a change considering the rules, because those Mexican workers are people too, and they are probably just as good and hard-working as any other American. A story about Mexican workers just trying to live their life to the fullest by doing solid work, and the story confirms this and tries to open up some thoughts surrounding the theme. I think it succeeds; at least I get sympathy for them, so I guess it works. Task 3) B Can literature play a major role in bringing about social change? Is it as effective as documentary films and television programs, or non-fictional books and articles about social problems? Yes, literature can play a great role, but it’s various. A great, well know text can make a difference if it really makes an impression, but I do not think it’s the best way these days to make social problems more known. I believe a movie is the best way, because it reaches out to more people, and gets greater publicity than books. For example the new movie â€Å"The Impossible† about the Tsunami, gives very strong impressions because we can see what happens, and we know it happend in real life. Books don’t reach out to that many people. Task 6) A * How long is the Mexican-American border in miles and kilometres? The Mexican-American border total length is 1,969 miles or 3,141 km long * The 2006 Secure Fence Act says there is going to be a fence along the border. How long will the fence be in miles, and in kilometres? The 2006 Secure Fence Act goal was/is to help and secure America’s borders to decrease the amount of illegal entries, drug trafficking and security threats. A 700 miles (1,100 km) fence of physical barriers alongside the Mexico-United States border. Kilde: ( http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Secure_Fence_Act_of_2006 ) * Approximately how many illegals get across the border every year? Of course, it’s impossible to give an exact number, but the number is somewhere around 375,000 people every year. About 65% of these illegal immigrants come from Mexico and the other 35% come from Southern America. At least according to (http://www. strategicstudiesinstitute. army. mil/pdffiles/ksil499. pdf) * Use the internet to find out how you could legally enter the USA. Is there any way you could enter the USA to work and live there permanently? Start your search by going to the United States Embassy websites. If you are going to live permanently in the USA, you are going to have to get a green card. This means you have to become a permanent resident. The first way to qualify for a green card is by having close family members who lives in the US. The second way of getting green card, is trough employment. Your chances for making this work increase the more skilled you are. In most cases you must show that an employer has offered you a job. The employer must also be able to show that no American was available to do the job. The last option for green card, would be through the diversity lottery. A program encouraging immigration for countries that don’t send many immigrants to the U. S. A small number of green cards will be available to people from these countries. All the qualified applicants will enter a lottery and the winners get the green card and gets allowed to move to USA. https://www. usimmigrationsupport. org/greencard. html * Use the internet to find reliable information about the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007 or, in its full name, the Secure Borders, Economic Opportunity and Immigration Reform Act of 2007. This act with a very long name was a proposition that would allow illegal immigrants to be able living and working legally in the U. S, with something called work authorization card, after paying some fines. Also, it would create temporary work programs, so workers would have to return to their homeland every two years, and stay there for a year or so before they could come back. But this act got voted down and died in the Senate after failing to get the 60 votes it needed to end debate. Kilde : http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Comprehensive_Immigration_Reform_Act_of_2007 http://immigration. about. om/od/usimmigrationhistory/f/What-S-In-The-Comprehensive-Immigration-Reform-Bill. htm http://www. nytimes. com/2011/12/09/us/illegal-border-crossings-dip-sharply. html? _r=0 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States Last raindrops Little Noah wakes up by the sound of rain thundering down on his window. He looks up, but he doesn’t move, he just stares at t he window, looking at the rain. He doesn’t really think of anything special, he just observes how the rain splashes on the railings. Despite his confusion of what he should be thinking, he has a bad feeling. He knows that today is the day. He can feel it. They told him it was going to happen this week, but not sure which day. He stands up and puts his pyjamas pants on, the new one that he bought just some days ago. He stretches out like he always does, making this weird noise because he’s so sleepy. He stands in front of the window, looking out again. He has always been inspired by the rain; it makes him feel comfortable, but not today. Today it just makes him confused. Why would they want to take him? A 10 year old boy, who has done no harm towards anyone. Even though it was raining, the sun was rising in distance, hopefully making a rainbow. Maybe that would cheer him up. Anyhow, he knows that today is the day to leave this reality. Not just all the things in present time, also the future in this place will go away for ever. The government has decided to send Noah and his dad back home, where they once lived, Kurdistan. He can hear his dad walking around downstairs. Not looking for something, just walking around. Probably confused, just like Noah. It has been 4 days since they said they would show within a week, but this had to be the day. Despite Noah’s young age, he was quite aware of what was going on. Noah’s dad has told him that the war in his native land isn’t critical anymore, even safe according to authorities, but Noah knows better. Noah remembers things from when he had to leave the country, he gets flashbacks. He remembers people screaming, and he just stood there crying. He remembers the last time he ever saw his mother and sister, before they were killed by a car-bomb. Noah was only 4 years old at the time, but the memories are stuck in him. He tries to stay positive, but he’s afraid. Afraid of leaving this safe place. Afraid of the memories that are printed in his head. Afraid that he and his dad will share the same faith as his sister and mother, losing everything again. Maybe he won’t have any place to sleep, anything to eat. He is glad he got his dad, but he misses his mother’s comforting words. He doesn’t recall much of her, but enough to know that he misses her. Noah fells a tear down his cheek, just like the ones falling down on his window. Noah’s father didn’t take the loss of his wife well either, he struggled a lot. Noah remembers how he heard his father crying late nights, and he remembers when they got the letter which said they had to go back. Noah looks out the window again, he sees people running around, hiding from the rain under their jackets. He remembers one time, long ago, when his mother, father and himself had to run across town because the rain surprisingly showed up. But Noah didn’t mind, he loved the rain. He hopes it will rain a lot where he is going, it’s his only hope at the moment. Doorbell. Doorbell again. Every sound makes Noah’s heart beat a little faster. He looks outside again, observing the rain, sliding down synchronized with his tears. They were here, it’s time. How to cite Englishtasks, Essay examples

Reincarnation - Buddhism vs. Hinduism free essay sample

While the general concept is present in a number of religions, there are also significant differences between the various belief systems, namely Hinduism and Buddhism. In Hinduism, it is believed that an enduring soul survives after death, spends a variable amount of time in another realm, and then becomes associated with a new body. Rebirth into the opposite sex or, under certain circumstances, into a nonhuman animal form is considered possible. Hinduism includes the concept of karma, the idea that the conditions into which one is born are determined by one’s conduct in various previous lives. The law of karma works neutrally and it inexorably metes out the results of one’s actions, rebirth after rebirth, known as samsara. There are countless living beings and countless levels of rebirth from those in the hells to plants, animals, humans, and gods. It is believed that evil karma may bring rebirth at lower levels, and good karma may bring rebirth at higher human levels or even as a god or goddess. We will write a custom essay sample on Reincarnation Buddhism vs. Hinduism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After much spiritual practice, and a person finally realizes his or her own divine nature, all desire for the pleasures of the world will vanish, and the person will cease to be reborn. The person is said to have attained moksha, or salvation from samsara. It is essentially when they â€Å"wake up† to the nature of reality. The Buddhist concept of reincarnation, more commonly called rebirth, differs significantly from the Hindu belief in that there is no unchanging soul, spirit, or eternal self to reincarnate; there is no enduring entity that persists from one life to the next. The Buddha described reincarnation as lighting successive candles using the flame of the preceding candle. Although each flame is casually connected to the one that came before it, it is not the same flame. When one personality dies, a new one comes into being. Buddhism teaches that what is reborn is not the person but that one moment gives rise to another and that this momentum continues even after death. Instead of a fixed entity, what is reborn is a â€Å"stream of consciousness,† whose quality has been conditioned by karma. It is similar to Hinduism in that karma determines the circumstances of subsequent lives, so there is continuity between personalities but not persistence of identity. Circumstances of rebirth are not seen as rewards or punishments from a controlling God but are the natural results of various good deeds and misdeeds. The cycle of rebirths involves suffering and continues until all cravings are lost and nirvana is achieved. The basic difference between Hinduism and Buddhism is this. Hindus believe in an external existence of self which can eventually merge into a greater self, and Buddhists believe that the self is ultimately transitory, and its elimination is freedom from material existence which is suffering. They are quite different approaches, yet the practices, such as meditation, chanting, and self-discipline, and effects, such as happiness and serenity, are very similar. Both realize that life seen through the bodily senses is not the ultimate reality which is transcendent to the material world. Both also have a belief in karma. Being a Christian, the idea of reincarnation is pretty foreign and a little frightening. I have gotten so used to the idea of having one life that I cannot imagine what it is like to know you are going to be reborn, and possibly as an animal. In a way, I feel like Hindus and Buddhists take their religion more seriously since there main goal is to achieve moksha/nirvana, and to do so they have to live several undesirable lives. I am sure I would be on my best behavior too if I knew I could be reborn as something awful. It seems like they worship a lot more often and suffer until the end of their rebirths, where as Christians usually just worship once a week and seem to enjoy life more; they do no focus on suffering as much as they know they only have one life. I respect the idea and both religions, but I just have a hard time grasping the concept. In Christianity, reincarnation is typically rejected and there is only one life. Based on Jesus’s teachings, Christians believe that God created human beings to live eternally in fellowship with him. The future includes the resurrection of all people, a judgment, and eternal life in either heaven or hell. Christians believe there will be a judgment where everyone’s life will be evaluated. Those who depend on Christ for salvation can be assured that they will pass this judgment. The Bible states that there are two different outcomes for eternal life: heaven and hell. They are described using terms that seem metaphorical: a city built of gold in heaven, a lake of fire for hell. While Hindus and Buddhists believe in reincarnation, karma, and liberation, Christian’s believe in death, resurrection, and judgment. Man only has one earthly life and death, and when he dies his spirit will be reunited with his body. Men often do not receive fair or just rewards for their lives. Instead, when Jesus returns, He will judge all men and declare our eternal rewards on the basis of our lives, good or bad. The concept of reincarnation seems to offer one of the most attractive explanations of humanity’s origin and destiny. The idea of many deaths and rebirths is an interesting one, but a very strong belief in many religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism.